Quốc tế đánh giá của phân tích tài chính 46 (năm 2016) 33-45Diversifications công nghiệp và địa lý có các hiệu ứng khác nhau về quản lý thu nhập? Bằng chứng từ UK sáp nhập và mua lạiCamelia Vasilescu ⁎, Yuval MilloĐại học Leicester School of Management, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, Vương Quốc Anh r t i c l e tôi n f o Bài viết lịch sử:Đã nhận được ngày 24 tháng 7 năm 2015Nhận sửa đổi thành 4 tháng 4 năm 2016Được chấp nhận ngày 10 tháng 4 năm 2016Có sẵn trực tuyến 16 tháng 4 năm 2016Từ khoá:Công ty công nghiệp diversification và địa lý diversificationGiả thuyết bất đối xứng thông tin quản lý các khoản thu nhập tích lũy sáp nhập và mua lại một s b t r c t This paper examines whether corporate diversification has an impact on accruals earnings management by UK targets in mergers and acquisitions. Following prior research (Jiraporn, Kim, & Mathur, 2008; El Mehdi & Seboui, 2011), we explicitly distinguish between industrial and geographic diversification. These two dimensions of di- versification differ in terms of their degree of information asymmetry, while in industrially diversified firms the accruals at the business segment level tend to offset each other, geographically diversified firms seem to be sub- ject to higher information asymmetry. Using a sample of 229 UK publicly listed targets and employing cross- sectional accrual models and a panel regression framework, we find that industrial diversification mitigates earn- ings management by UK targets prior to mergers and acquisitions. The results of our study also show that a com- bination of industrial and geographic diversification is associated with a lesser degree of earnings management, which is consistent with those reported by Jiraporn, Kim, and Mathur (2008) and El Mehdi and Seboui (2011) for US firms. However, our evidence suggests that geographic diversification is associated with a higher degree of earnings management, however the results are not statistically significant.© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1. IntroductionBoth the popular press and academics suggest that industrially and geographically diversified firms are subject to increased information asymmetry and agency costs and as a result corporate diversification is a value-destroying strategy (Lang & Stulz, 1994; Berger & Ofek, 1995; Denis, Denis, & Sarin, 1997). Consequently, the literature indi- cates that the degree of earnings management by targets is conditional upon its degree of organizational complexity, such as the level of industrial and geographic diversification. The extent of opportunistic earnings management is likely to be higher the greater the level of infor- mation asymmetry (Richardson, 2000). Nevertheless, in spite of interest in the two types of diversification, there is little research about the po- tentially different impact that industrial and geographic diversification may have on earnings management. This research aims to address this point.Research documents a value discount associated with industrial diversification and argues that this supports information asymmetry hypothesis (Lang & Stulz, 1994; Berger & Ofek, 1995; Denis, Denis, & Sarin, 1997), whereby industrially diversified firms have a higher de- gree of information asymmetry due to increased complexity of opera- tions and management structure (Nam, Tang, Thornton, & Wynne, 2006) and the ownership structure of the firms (Denis, Denis, & Sarin,⁎ Corresponding author.E-mail addresses: cv56@le.ac.uk (C. Vasilescu), ym95@le.ac.uk (Y. Millo). 1997). In addition, industrially diversified firms' earnings reports are more difficult to scrutinize and require more resources and expertise for investors and analysts (Thomas, 2002). However, more recent re- search claims that greater industrial diversification is not associated with increased information asymmetry (Thomas, 2002; Jiraporn, Kim, & Mathur, 2008; El Mehdi & Seboui, 2011).Geographically diversified firms are larger and have more complex organizational structures than domestic firms, which leads to higher costs of monitoring managerial decision (Bodnar, Tang, & Weintrop, 1997) and makes coordinating corporate policies more diffi- cult (Denis, Denis, & Yost, 2002). Additionally, Duru and Reeb (2002) argue that geographically diversified companies are less transparent which poses difficulties for financial analysts to analyse these compa- nies' performance and assess their value.The inconclusive evidence about the impact of industrial and geo- graphical diversification strategies when examined separately is also repeated in the literature that compares the two strategies. Gande, Schenzler, and Senbet (2009) document that industrial diversification and geographic diversification are inherently different, and claim that the benefits of geographic diversification (driven by both real dimen- sions and financial dimensions) are higher than those of industrial di- versification (driven only by real
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