Step 1: Set Goal: Choose and clearlydefine a manageable goal. What makes a goal manageable? Goal behavior is appropriate for the individual's age and currentlevel of functioning It should be a small step up from individual’s current level offunctioning Have some way of measuring the behavior that will allow you tochart progress. Step 2: Teach: Explain what behaviorlooks like and why behavior is important. Combine leader explanation with participation for groupmembers Can anyone tell me….? Break down the component parts of the targeted social skills Ex. Conversation What makes a conversation? How do you start one? How do you know when it’s finished? Discuss why social skill is important Give examples to illustrate Step 3: Model the desired behavior.Modeling can take many forms. Forexample, if you want to teach theskills of giving compliments, youcould…- Act out a role-play with fellowgroup leader where you complimenttheir new outfit- Point it out when peerscompliment each other- Provide anecdotes that illustratethe desired skillStep 4: Practice the behavior. Practicing the behavior gives the individual a chance to Try the behavior in a pressure-free situation Figure out exactly what the desired behavior looks like (andwhat will lead to reinforcement)Step 5: Prompt for the behavior. Start with fairly intrusive, explicit prompts and work yourway to less intrusive prompts. For example, giving the individual specific instructions to“find one thing to compliment your partner on.” Then as the individual’s greeting behavior improved, youmight prompt with, “What should you do?” or even a gesture.Step 6: Reinforce! Whenever they perform the goalbehavior, reinforce it! Reinforcement generally leads tomuch stronger response patternsthan punishment. Reinforcers should be fairly small,immediate, and most importantly,of value to the individual. Make sure the individual knowswhat she/he is being reinforced for.(i.e. “I’m loving your eye contact!”)Ideas for ReinforcersFor folks who respond to social (non-tangible)reinforcement: Verbal praise (“I like the way you waited for your turn!” “You did agreat job of introducing yourself just then!”) Hug High-fiveIdeas for ReinforcersFor others who respond to more tangible rewards: Tokens that can be “spent” on rewards later (like TV time, videogame time, desired toys, etc.) Small piece of candy or a favorite food (e.g., skittles, animalcrackers) Stickers Small toys Trading cards Monetary incentives ActivitiesStep 7: Generalize: Encourage PracticeOutside of Group. For children: Provide parents with targeted feedback concerning their child’sprogress Provide parents with written instruction on how they canpractice the skills learned at home with their child. E.g., “Practice commenting: have your child look around the roomand comment on what he/she sees. Reinforce comments liberally.” Assign manageable and appropriate homework assignments tothe child and have the parent supervise and sign off on theircompletion. Reinforce targeted behaviors!!Step 7: Generalize: Encourage Practice Outside ofGroup. (Cont’d) For Adolescents and Adults: Provide “achievement” assignments that generalize to both schooland home settings Use Monetary Incentives Get parents onboard
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