Before the mid-nineteenth century,

Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only

in season. Drying, smoking, and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited; there was no way to

Line prevent spoilage. But in 1810 a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the

(5) cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850's an American named Gail

Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and

condensed milk became more common during the 1860's, but supplies remained low

because cans had to be made by hand. By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned

stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate. Suddenly all

(10) kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.

Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary

their daily diets. Growing urban populations created demand that encouraged fruit and

vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers

and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer

(15) periods. Thus, by the 1890's, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to

six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables. An easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the

1870's, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants,

(20) most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920's and 1930's.

Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat

mainly foods that were heavy in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could

afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously

(25) unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.



20. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Causes of food spoilage

(B) Commercial production of ice

(C) Inventions that led to changes in the American diet

(D) Population movements in the nineteenth century



21. The phrase “in season” in line 2 refers to

(A) a kind of weather

(B) a particular time of year

(C) an official schedule

(D) a method of flavoring food



22. The word “prevent” in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) estimate

(B) avoid

(C) correct

(D) confine



23. During the 1860's, canned food products were

(A) unavailable in rural areas

(B) shipped in refrigerator cars

(C) available in limited quantities

(D) a staple part of the American diet



24. It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use

(A) before 1860

(B) before 1890

(C) after 1900

(D) after 1920



25. The word “them ” in line 14 refers to

(A) refrigerator cars

(B) perishables

(C) growers

(D) distances



26. The word “fixture” in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) luxury item

(B) substance

(C) commonplace object

(D) mechanical device



27. The author implies that in the 1920's and 1930's home deliveries of ice

(A) decreased in number

(B) were on an irregular schedule

(C) increased in cost

(D) occurred only in the summer



28. The word “Nevertheless” in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) therefore

(B) because

(C) occasionally

(D) however



29. Which of the following types of food preservation was NOT mentioned in the passage?

(A) Drying

(B) Canning

(C) Cold storage

(D) Chemical additives



30. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?

(A) Tin cans and iceboxes helped to make many foods more widely available.

(B) Commercial ice factories were developed by railroad owners.

(C) Most farmers in the United States raised only fruits and vegetables.

(D) People who lived in cities demanded home delivery of foods.

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

Trước khi giữa thế kỷ 19, người Mỹ ăn hầu hết các loại thực phẩm chỉ trong mùa giải. Sấy khô, hút thuốc và ướp muối có thể giữ thịt trong một thời gian ngắn, nhưng sự sẵn có của thịt tươi, tương tự như của sữa tươi, là rất hạn chế; có không có cách nào để Dòng ngăn ngừa hư hỏng. Nhưng vào năm 1810 một nhà phát minh người Pháp tên là Nicolas Appert phát triển các (5) nấu ăn-và-niêm phong các quá trình của đóng hộp. Và trong các Plath một người Mỹ tên là Gail Borden đã phát triển một phương tiện để ngưng tụ và bảo quản sữa. Đồ hộp hàng hóa và sữa đã trở thành phổ biến hơn trong các 1860's, nhưng nguồn cung cấp vẫn còn thấp bởi vì hộp đã phải được thực hiện bằng tay. Năm 1880, Tuy nhiên, nhà phát minh có thời dán tem và hàn máy đó lon sản xuất hàng loạt từ tinplate. Đột nhiên tất cả (10) các loại thực phẩm có thể được giữ lại và mua lại tất cả thời gian của năm. Các xu hướng và sáng tạo đã cũng giúp làm cho nó có thể cho người Mỹ để thay đổi chế độ ăn uống hàng ngày của họ. Phát triển dân số đô thị tạo ra nhu cầu khuyến khích trái cây và Các nông dân rau để tăng thêm sản xuất. Toa tàu điện ngầm tủ lạnh cho phép người trồng và đóng gói thịt tàu hư khoảng cách rất xa và bảo quản lâu hơn (15) thời gian. Vì vậy, bởi 1890 's, cư dân phía bắc thành phố có thể tận hưởng dâu tây nam và Tây, nho, và cà chua, trước đây có sẵn cho một tháng tại hầu hết, cho đến sáu tháng trong năm. Ngoài ra, gia tăng sử dụng choán cho phép các gia đình để lưu trữ hư. Một phương tiện dễ dàng sản xuất băng thương mại đã được phát minh vào các 1870's, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, (20) most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920's and 1930's. Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavy in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously (25) unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare. 20. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Causes of food spoilage (B) Commercial production of ice (C) Inventions that led to changes in the American diet (D) Population movements in the nineteenth century 21. The phrase “in season” in line 2 refers to (A) a kind of weather (B) a particular time of year (C) an official schedule (D) a method of flavoring food 22. The word “prevent” in line 4 is closest in meaning to (A) estimate (B) avoid (C) correct (D) confine 23. During the 1860's, canned food products were (A) unavailable in rural areas (B) shipped in refrigerator cars (C) available in limited quantities (D) a staple part of the American diet 24. It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use (A) before 1860 (B) before 1890 (C) after 1900 (D) after 1920 25. The word “them ” in line 14 refers to (A) refrigerator cars (B) perishables (C) growers (D) distances 26. The word “fixture” in line 20 is closest in meaning to (A) luxury item (B) substance (C) commonplace object (D) mechanical device 27. The author implies that in the 1920's and 1930's home deliveries of ice (A) decreased in number (B) were on an irregular schedule (C) increased in cost (D) occurred only in the summer 28. The word “Nevertheless” in line 24 is closest in meaning to (A) therefore (B) because (C) occasionally (D) however 29. Which of the following types of food preservation was NOT mentioned in the passage? (A) Drying (B) Canning (C) Cold storage (D) Chemical additives 30. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage? (A) Tin cans and iceboxes helped to make many foods more widely available. (B) Commercial ice factories were developed by railroad owners. (C) Most farmers in the United States raised only fruits and vegetables. (D) People who lived in cities demanded home delivery of foods.