After reading this chapter, you will understand the nature of competitive advantage and and why managers need ro perform internal analysis, just as they must conduct industry analysis, to achieve superior performance and profitability.THE ROOTS OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGEA company has a competitive advantage over its rivals when its profitability is greater than the average profitability of all companies in its industry. It has a sus¬tained competitive advantage when it is able to maintain above-average profitability over a number of years (as Walmart has done in the retail industry and McDonald’s has done in the restaurant industry). The primary objective of strategy is to achieve a sustained competitive advantage, which in turn will result in superior profitability and profit growth. What are the sources of competitive advantage, and what is the link between strategy, competitive advantage, and profitability?Distinctive CompetenciesCompetitive advantage is based on distinctive competencies. Distinctive competen¬cies are firm-specific strengths that allow a company to differentiate its products from those offered by rivals and/or achieve substantially lower costs than its rivals.
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