On the other hand, there is another factor affecting balance sheetsthat can be extremely important in precipitating financial instabilityin emerging-market countries that is not operational in most industrializedcountries: unanticipated exchange rate depreciation ordevaluation. Because of uncertainty about the future value of thedomestic currency, many nonfinancial firms, banks, and governmentsin emerging-market countries find it much easier to issue debtif the debt is denominated in foreign currencies. A substantialamount of debt denominated in foreign currency was a prominentfeature of the institutional structure in Chilean financial marketsbefore its financial crisis in 1982 and in Mexico in 1994. With thisinstitutional structure, unanticipated depreciation or devaluation ofthe domestic currency is another factor that can lead to financialinstability in emerging-market countries and it operates in a similarfashion to an unanticipated decline in inflation in industrializedcountries. With debt contracts denominated in foreign currency,when there is an unanticipated depreciation or devaluation of thedomestic currency, the debt burden of domestic firms increases.Since assets are typically denominated in domestic currency, thereis a resulting deterioration in firms’ balance sheets and decline innet worth, which then increases adverse selection and moral hazardproblems along the lines described above. The increase in asymmetricinformation problems leads to a decline in investment andeconomic activity
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