ĐIỀU KIỆN TIÊN QUYẾT ĐỂ CHUYỂN GIAOĐiều khoản chuyển giao và chia sẻ được tương quan. Biết được coi là sâu sắc cá nhân. Đối với một, nó sẽ hỏi một người nào đó cung cấp cho một cái gì đó là tài sản riêng của mình. Chuyển giao kiến thức là một thuật ngữ mechanistic, cung cấp kiến thức cho người khác. Phần thuật ngữ là một cuộc trao đổi kiến thức giữa các cá nhân, giữa hoặc trong đội, hoặc giữa các cá nhân và kiến thức cơ sở, kho, và vv. Chia sẻ kiến thức công nhận tính chất cá nhân của kiến thức của người dân đã đạt được từ kinh nghiệm. Những gì gây ra các văn bản của cuốn sách này là xu hướng ngày càng tăng của các tổ chức nhiều hơn và nhiều hơn nữa đã bắt đầu làm nhiều hơn chỉ nói về chia sẻ kiến thức. Họ bắt đầu cài đặt cơ sở kiến thức và các quá trình chuyển giao kiến thức cho người khác để có được xung quanh vấn đề tái phát minh bánh xe. E-mail thông báo từ các đồng nghiệp chẳng hạn như "Không ai biết nơi để...?" và "sẽ bất cứ ai biết làm thế nào để...?" là những ví dụ của việc sử dụng công nghệ để thúc đẩy chia sẻ kiến thức.It should be noted that technology alone is not a sure prerequisite for knowledge transfer or knowledge sharing. The myth that “once you build it, they will use it” does not work that well in most organizations. The image of a huge high-cost repository that contains all the knowledge ever needed offers a feeling of comfort and control. However, neither cooperation nor retrieval occurs with much excitement. When organizations find that not much is happening, they begin to use the incentive system to encourage participation. The consulting firm KPMG coined the “give to get” scheme, where employees cannot take any knowledge without putting something into the knowledge base or into the relationship that provided them the knowledge. In any case, for knowledge transfer to work, it takes a change in culture, in politics, and attitude to make things happen.As can be seen, transferring knowledge into action is not straightforward. There are interpersonal, political, leadership, and organizational issues to consider. There are also assumptions to be made about the organization and its processes. However there are recurring episodes and guidelines that help us evaluate the gap between knowledge transfer and knowledge sharing and how to overcome it.Instill an Atmosphere of Trust in the OrganizationTrust is the foundation of knowledge transfer. It is a psychological state, where people feel confident about sharing ideas, experiences, and relationships with others For decades, people in organizations have learned to hoard knowledge rather than to share it. There is still inherent fear that once knowledge is shared, the knower (person who has the knowledge) becomes vulnerable. In a local retail store, the manager asked the shoe department supervisor of 9 years if she would train a new employee before she would be a candidate to manage another department in a store being built in a new mall on the other end of town. Toward the end of the 5-week on-the-job training, the store manager heard from headquarters that the proposed store would not open due to recent financial difficulties of the chain. The decision was made to retain the newly trained supervisor for less salary. The word got around that neither the manager nor the retail chain could be trusted. It was not the first time this type of episode took place.Fix the Culture to Accommodate the ChangeThe trust factor has cultural and political implications. An organizational culture that promotes and rewards cooperation and collaboration is a better candidate for knowledge sharing than a competitive culture that drives employees to performance through the fear of punishment (such as layoffs or dismissal). There is the case of a 2000 graduate from a premier MBA school who accepted a 6-digit salary with a fast growing consulting firm. When the recession hit in 2001, the company laid off 40 percent of its staff without notifying anyone. Early in the year, this graduate sensed things were not on the level. Managers kept information to themselves, and partners were working feverishly to attract new clients. He soon decided to keep to himself his technology-based knowledge required for installing two major projects for Fortune 500 clients. That strategy saved him from being axed by the sudden layoffs.Culture is usually embedded in a company’s core values, policies, mission, consistent behavior, treatment of employees, and tradition. A trusting organization tends to attract trustworthy employees who perform well within the cultural values of the business. Those who do not fit voluntarily leave or are soon asked to resign. With that in mind, the “learning organization” notion should be transmitted through the organization’s culture. Becker (1998) cites several dimensions of values and beliefs making up an organization’s culture:
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