what the difference is there betwee

what the difference is there between application programs and operating systems?
=> An operating software package does not communicate directly with the hardware. And operating system is a set of program that lies between application software and the computer hardware.
why is the supervisor program the most import operating systems program?
=> because system the supervisor program controls the operating system
what the difference is there between resident and non-resident programs ?
=> residential programs remains in memory and non-residential programs loads only when need into memory
why are the main functions of an operating systems?
=> An OP has three main function: (1) manage the computer’’s resources , such as the central processing unit, memory, disk drives, and printers, (2) establish a user, interface, and (3) execute and provide services for application software.


what did Linus Torvalds use to write the Linux kernel?
=> He used the GNU programming tools developed by Richard stallman's Free software Faundatation
2. how was the Linux kernel first made available to the general public?
=> Linux released the source to the Linux kernel on the internet
3. what is the program likely to do with source code?
=> a program can generate the compiled program from source code. moreover, he can modify it to fix bugs or add new features.
4. why most software companies not sell you their source code?
=> Because they scare the available source code will destroy their revenue stream.
5. what type of utilities and applications are provided in a Linux distribution?
=> They are command interpreters, programming tools, text editors, typesetting tools and graphical user interfaces based on the X window system.
6. what is X?
=> X is a standard academic and scientific computing , a complete distributed window system chich implement graphical interfaces.
7. what graphical user interfaces are mentioned in the text?
=> KED and Gnome.

Into what tow component is the data steam split?
=> the single data stream off CD-ROM is split into video and audio components
What information does an Intra frame contain?
=> I-frame are compressed using only information in the picture itself just like conventional bitmap compression techniques like JPEG.
What is stored in the P-frame following an I-frame?
=> The difference between the P- frame and the P-frame it is based on is the only data that is stored for this P-frame.
What is stored in the P-frame in the case of a bouncing ball?
=> In the case of a bouncing ball, the P picture is stored simply as a description of how the position of the ball has changed from the previous I-frame
What gives the massive reduction in the amount of information needed to reproduce a video sequence?
=>
Why is a new I-frame used after a new P-frame?
=>
What is stored in a B-frame?
=>
Why do B-frame not propagate errors?
=>


1.how does MP3 reduce the size of the of music files?
=> it remove inaudible signals.
2. What can you obtain from www.mp3.com?
=> MP3 music file.
3. How can you listen to MP3 files ?
=> using music play, speakers connect to computer.

MIDE: musical Instrument Digital Interface: composing music on a PC
MP3: MPEG Audio Layer 3: downloading music from the internet.
DVD: Digital Versatile Disk: using reference works like encyclopedias.
MPEG: Motion Picture Expert Group: watching movies.

Unit 1:
You needn't learn how to(to program) in HTML before(designing) webpages.
I want to(upgrade) my computer.
Don't switch off without(closing down) your PC.
He can't get used to(logging on) with a password.
He can't find information on the internet by(using) a search engine.
He objected to(playing) expensive telephone calls for internet access.
He tried to(to hack into) the system without(knowing) the password.
I look forward to(inputting) data by void instead of(using) a keyboard.
Unit 2:
A clint is a network computer (used) for accessing a service on a server.
A bridge is a hardware and software combination (used) to connect the same type of network.
A network is a number of computers and peripherals (linked) together.
A server is a powerful computer (storing) many programs (shared) by all the clients in the network.
A gateway is an interface (enabling) dissimilar networks to communicate.
A backbone is a network transmission path (handling) major data traffic.
A route is a special computer (directing) messages when several networks are linked.
A LAN is a network (connecting) computers over a small distance such as within a company.
A thin clint is a simple computer (comprising) a processor and memory, display, keyboard, mouse and hard drives only.
A hub is a electronic device (connecting) all the data cabling in a network.