IntroductionThe regulation and elimination of magnesium in patients with renal disease is somewhat understudied. Despite this incomplete understanding, we know that serum magnesium levels increase when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls below ∼20–30 mL/min, yet we do not know what happens to serum magnesium concentration in patients with more modest falls in GFR [e.g. chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stages 1–3; GFR > 30 mL/min] or what proportion of these patients are likely to be hypermagnesaemic [1]. In addition, we also need to consider the relationship between serum magnesium levels and total body magnesium content, as magnesium is predominantly an intracellular cation [2]. Oral medications containing magnesium (e.g. certain laxatives and antacids) may cause hypermagnesaemia, particularly in patients with renal dysfunction [3–6], and conversely, diuretic use can lower magnesium levels.Haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) provide different scenarios from CKD Stages 3 and 4, and we shall examine the extent to which serum magnesium concentrations depend on the dialysate magnesium concentration and magnesium supplements. Finally, we shall discuss the effect of magnesium on the parathyroid gland, the putative inverse relationship between serum magnesium levels and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in dialysis patients and its effect on bone.
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..
