Moreover, the cointegrating vectorsgenerally have the expected sign, showing that expenditures and revenues co-move in the same direction. To the extentthat their persistent component may have opposite effects on growth, they would therefore cancel each other out. Thatwould be particularly true for the cointegrating relationship between direct taxation and public investment. Aninteresting case is the cointegrating relationship found between government consumption and indirect taxation. Thus, ifgovernment consumption exerts a persistent growth-enhancing effect, this would not be fully offset by distortionary taxdevelopments.
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