1 Food processing unit operationsFood processing involves many conventional unit operations but it also involves many which differ greatly from those usually encountered in the production of industrial chemicals. These include: freezing and thawing and other temperature-induced phase transitions or phase transition analogs, freeze drying, freeze concentration, curd and gel formation, development of structured gels, cleaning and washing (the operation which occurs with the greatest frequency in food processing plants), leavening, puffing, and foaming, slaughtering, carcass disassembly, component excision, slicing and dicing, peeling and trimming, grading, cell disruption and maceration, pasteurization and sterilization, blanching, baking, cooking (for purposes of tenderization or textural modification), roasting (for purposes of flavour generation), radiation sterilization, mechanical expression, structure-based component separation, filling and packaging, canning and bottling, coating and encapsulation, sausage and flexible casing, stuffing, controlled atmosphere storage, fumigation and smoking, churning, artificially induced ripening, fermentation, pureeing, emulsification and homogenization, biological waste treatment, and controlled feeding of confined animals, poultry and fish.
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