During the seventeenth and eighteen

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contribution of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.
Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.
During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women’s organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources form the core of the two greatest collections of women’s history in the United States – one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliffe College, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.
Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the “great women” theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on “great men”. To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women’s right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great mass of ordinary women. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.
Question 71: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The role of literature in early American histories.
B. The place of American women in written histories.
C. The keen sense of history shown by American women.
D. The “great women” approach to history used by American historians.
Question 72: The word “contemporary” in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.
A. past B. temporary
C. written at that time D. belonging to the present time
Question 73: In the first paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that ____________.
A. a woman’s status was changed by marriage
B. even the contributions of outstanding women were ignored
C. only three women were able to get their writing published
D. poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women
Question 74: The word “celebratory” in the passage means that the writings referred to were _________.
A. related to parties B. religious C. serious D. full of praise
Question 75: The word “they” in the passage refers to __________.
A. counterparts B. authors C. efforts D. sources
Question 76: In the second paragraph, what weakness in nineteenth-century histories does the author point out?
A. They put too much emphasis on daily activities.
B. They left out discussion of the influence on money on politics.
C. The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.
D. They were printed on poor quality paper.
Question 77: On the basis of information in the third paragraph, which of the following would most likely have been collected by nineteenth-century feminist organizations?
A. Newspaper accounts of presidential election results.
B. Biographies of John Adams.
C. Letters from a mother to a daughter advising her how to handle a family problem.
D. Books about famous graduates of the country’s first college.
Question 78: What use was made of the nineteenth-century women’s history materials in the Schlesinger Library and the Sophia Smith Collection?
A. They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia about women.
B. They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth-century.
C. They provided valuable information for twentieth century historical researchers.
D. They were shared among women’s colleges throughout the United States.
Question 79: In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as possible roles of nineteenth-century “great women” EXCEPT ____________.
A. authors B. reformers C. activists for women’s rights D. politicians
Question 80: The word “representative” in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.
A. typical B. satisfied C. supportive D. distinctive