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A world-first global analysis of ma

A world-first global analysis of marine responses to climbing human CO2 emissions has painted a grim picture of future fisheries and ocean ecosystems.

Published today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), marine ecologists from the University of Adelaide say the expected ocean acidification and warming is likely to produce a reduction in diversity and numbers of various key species that underpin marine ecosystems around the world.

"This 'simplification' of our oceans will have profound consequences for our current way of life, particularly for coastal populations and those that rely on oceans for food and trade," says Associate Professor Ivan Nagelkerken, Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellow with the University's Environment Institute.

Associate Professor Nagelkerken and fellow University of Adelaide marine ecologist Professor Sean Connell have conducted a 'meta-analysis' of the data from 632 published experiments covering tropical to artic waters, and a range of ecosystems from coral reefs, through kelp forests to open oceans.

"We know relatively little about how climate change will affect the marine environment," says Professor Connell. "Until now, there has been almost total reliance on qualitative reviews and perspectives of potential global change. Where quantitative assessments exist, they typically focus on single stressors, single ecosystems or single species.

"This analysis combines the results of all these experiments to study the combined effects of multiple stressors on whole communities, including species interactions and different measures of responses to climate change."

The researchers found that there would be "limited scope" for acclimation to warmer waters and acidification. Very few species will escape the negative effects of increasing CO2, with an expected large reduction in species diversity and abundance across the globe. One exception will be microorganisms, which are expected to increase in number and diversity.

From a total food web point of view, primary production from the smallest plankton is expected to increase in the warmer waters but this often doesn't translate into secondary production (the zooplankton and smaller fish) which shows decreased productivity under ocean acidification.

"With higher metabolic rates in the warmer water, and therefore a greater demand for food, there is a mismatch with less food available for carnivores ─ the bigger fish that fisheries industries are based around," says Associate Professor Nagelkerken. "There will be a species collapse from the top of the food chain down."

The analysis also showed that with warmer waters or increased acidification or both, there would be deleterious impacts on habitat-forming species for example coral, oysters and mussels. Any slight change in the health of habitats would have a broad impact on a wide range of species these reefs harbour.

Another finding was that acidification would lead to a decline in dimethylsulfide gas (DMS) production by ocean plankton which helps cloud formation and therefore in controlling Earth's heat exchange.
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海洋响应攀登人类 CO2 排放量世界第一全球分析已严峻描绘未来渔业和海洋生态系统。今天发表在院刊 》 国家科学院 (PNAS) 上,来自阿德莱德大学的海洋生态学家说预期的海洋酸化和气候变暖有可能产生多样性和支持世界各地的海洋生态系统的各种关键物种的数量的减少。"我们的海洋这 '简化' 说会有深远的影响,对于我们当前的生活方式,特别是对沿海居民和那些依靠海洋食品和贸易,"副教授 Ivan Nagelkerken,澳大利亚研究理事会 (ARC) 未来大学环境研究所研究员。副教授 Nagelkerken 和同胞阿德莱德大学海洋生态学家教授肖恩 · 康奈尔进行了 '的 meta 分析' 从 632 发表实验涵盖从珊瑚礁,通过海带森林打开海洋热带到北极水域和生态系统的各种数据。"我们知道相对不太了解气候的变化会影响海洋环境,"奥康内尔教授说。"到目前为止,那里已几乎完全依赖于定性点评和潜在的全球变化的观点。在定量评估存在的情况,他们通常专注于单一应激源、 单一生态系统或单一物种。"这种分析组合所有这些实验研究多个压力源对整个社区,包括物种相互作用和应对气候变化的不同措施的综合的影响的结果"。研究人员发现,将是"有限的范围"为适应温暖水域及酸化。很少的物种将逃脱 co2 浓度,增加与物种多样性和全球各地的丰度预期大量减少的负面影响。一个例外将微生物,预计增加的数量和多样性。从总的食物网的角度来看,从最小的浮游生物初级生产预计将增加在温暖的水域,但这往往不能转化为辅助生产 (浮游动物和小鱼) 显示下海洋酸化的生产力下降。"与高的代谢率,在温暖的水,并因此对食品的更大需求,存在不匹配与更少的食物可食肉动物 ─ ─ 更大的鱼,渔业产业的基础是围绕,"说副教授 Nagelkerken。"将从食物链的顶端的物种崩溃,下来"。分析还表明,与温暖的水域或增加的酸化或两者,将对生境形成物种例如珊瑚、 牡蛎和贻贝的有害影响。任何微小的变化,在健康的栖息地会广泛影响广泛的物种这些珊瑚礁海港。另一个发现是,酸化会导致海洋浮游生物有助于云的形成二甲基硫 (DMS) 天然气产量的下降,因此在控制地球的热量交换。
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海洋回复的世界第一的全球分析 ​​攀 ​​登人类的二氧化碳排放量已经绘未来渔业和海洋生态系统的严峻形势。今天发表在美国国家科学院的期刊论文(PNAS),阿德莱德大学的海洋生态学家说预计海洋酸化和气候变暖可能产生的多样性和各主要品种数量减少,巩固世界各地的海洋生态系统。“ 我们的海洋的这种”简化“将产生深远的影响我们目前的生活方式,特别是对沿海人口和那些依靠海洋食品和贸易,“副教授伊万Nagelkerken,澳大利亚研究理事会(ARC)未来的研究员与大学的环境研究所。说副教授Nagelkerken和阿德莱德海洋生态学家教授肖恩·康奈尔的同胞大学都进行了”从632公布的实验涵盖热带到北极海域,以及一系列珊瑚礁生态系统的,该数据的Meta分析“通过海带森林,打开海洋。” 我们知道相对较少有关气候变化将如何影响海洋环境,“说康奈尔教授。“到现在为止,已经定性的评价和潜在的全球变化。如果定量评估存在的,它们通常专注于单一的压力,单一生态系统或单一品种的观点几乎完全依赖。” 这一分析结合了所有这些实验研究的结果多重压力对整个社会,包括物种之间的相互作用和应对气候变化采取不同的措施的综合影响。“ 研究人员发现,将是”有限的范围内“进行驯化,以温暖的海水酸化,品种很少将难逃负面影响。中增加二氧化碳,与全球各地的。一个例外的预期大大降低物种多样性和丰富将是微生物,预计增加的数量和多样性从一个粮食总网点,从最小的浮游生物初级生产预计将增加在温暖水域,但这往往并没有转化为次级生产(浮游动物和小鱼),这显示了生产效率下海洋酸化减少。“ 有了更高的代谢率在温暖的水中,因此对粮食的需求更大,有较少的食物可供食肉动物不匹配─的更大的鱼渔业产业围绕“副教授Nagelkerken说。“届时将有来自食品环比回落的顶部有一个种类崩溃。” 该分析还表明,温暖的海水或增加的酸化或两者,就不会有对栖息地的形成种类,例如珊瑚,牡蛎和贻贝的有害影响。在栖息地的健康有任何细微的变化都会对大范围的物种这些珊瑚礁怀有广泛的影响。另一项发现是,酸化会导致甲硫醚气体的下降(DMS)生产的海洋浮游生物这有助于云的形成,因此在控制地球的热交换。




















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世界上第一个全球性的分析海洋响应攀登人类排放的二氧化碳已经绘未来渔业和海洋生态系统的一个严峻的画面。

今天发表在美国国家科学院院刊(PNAS),来自阿得雷德大学的海洋生态学家说预期的海洋酸化和气候变暖可能产生的各种关键物种的多样性和海洋生态系统,支持世界各地的数量减少。

”这种“简化”的海洋将我们目前的生活方式产生深远的影响,特别是沿海居民和那些依靠食品贸易的海洋,”伊凡nagelkerken副教授说,澳大利亚研究理事会(ARC)与大学的环境研究所研究员

未来。副教授nagelkerken同阿得雷德大学的海洋生态学家肖恩教授康奈尔进行”632日公布的实验覆盖热带来到北极水域的数据荟萃分析的结果,从珊瑚礁生态系统的范围内,通过海带森林开阔的海洋。

”我们知之甚少的气候变化将如何影响海洋环境,“说康奈尔教授。”到现在为止,几乎完全依赖于定性的评论和潜在的全球变化的观点。在定量评估的存在,他们通常集中在单一的压力,单一的生态系统或单一物种。“这一分析结合了所有这些实验的结果来研究整个社区的多重压力的综合影响,包括物种间的相互作用和对气候变化的响应的不同措施。”。极少数物种将逃脱的负面影响,增加二氧化碳,与预期的物种多样性和丰富的全球范围内的大型减少。一个例外是微生物,
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