If a quotation from a writer is being placed in the literature review or elsewhere in the thesis, the quotation should be preceded by a brief description of what the student perceives the writer is saying. For example, the indirect description preceding a quotation might be: 'ZuberSkerritt and Knight (1986, p. 93) list three benefits of having a research problem to guide research activities:' Such indirect descriptions preceding quotations demonstrate that the student understands the importance of the quotation and that his or her own ideas are in control of the shape of the review of the literature. Moreover, quotations should not be too long, unless they are especially valuable; the student is expected to précis long slabs of material in the literature, rather than quote them - after all, the student is supposed to be writing the thesis. References in section 2 should include some old, milestone references to show that the student is aware of the development of the research area, but the section must also include recent writings - having only old references generally indicates a worn-out research problem. Old references that have made suggestions which have not been subsequently researched might be worth detailed discussion, but why have the suggestions not been researched in the past?
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