If food is allowed to stand for som

If food is allowed to stand for some time, it putrefies .When the putrefied material
is examined microscopically ,it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do these
bacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth
Line century, many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous
(5) generation ,a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving
matter.

The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the French
chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur showed that structures
present in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .He did
(10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After
the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had
trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur
found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from
0.01 mm to more than 1. 0mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive
(15) structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells.
As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen liters of ordinary air ,and they could
not be distinguished from the organisms found in much larger numbers in putrefying
materials .Pasteur concluded that the organisms found in putrefying materials originated
from the organized bodies present in the air .He postulated that these bodies are constantly
(20) being deposited on all objects.

Pasteur showed that if a nutrient solution was sealed in a glass flask and heated to
boiling to destroy all the living organisms contaminating it, it never putrefied .The
proponents of spontaneous generation declared that fresh air was necessary for
spontaneous generation and that the air inside the sealed flask was affected in some way
(25) by heating so that it would no longer support spontaneous generation. Pasteur constructed a
swan-necked flask in which putrefying materials could he heated to boiling, but air
could reenter. The bends in the neck prevented microorganisms from getting in the flask.
Material sterilized in such a flask did not putrefy.

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

If food is allowed to stand for some time, it putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth Line century, many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5) generation ,a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur showed that structures present in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.01 mm to more than 1. 0mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15) structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells. As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen liters of ordinary air ,and they could not be distinguished from the organisms found in much larger numbers in putrefying vật liệu. Pasteur đã kết luận rằng các sinh vật tìm thấy trong putrefying vật liệu có nguồn gốc từ các cơ quan tổ chức hiện diện trong không khí. Ông tiên đoán rằng các cơ quan của họ đang liên tục (20) được gửi vào tất cả đối tượng. Pasteur đã chỉ ra rằng nếu một giải pháp dinh dưỡng được niêm phong trong một flask thủy tinh và đun nóng đến đun sôi để tiêu diệt tất cả các sinh vật gây ô nhiễm nó, nó không bao giờ putrefied. Các những người ủng hộ của thế hệ spontaneous tuyên bố rằng không khí trong lành là cần thiết cho Spontaneous thế hệ và không khí bên trong bình kín đã bị ảnh hưởng một cách nào đó (25) bằng cách nung như vậy mà nó sẽ không còn hỗ trợ thế hệ spontaneous. Pasteur xây dựng một Thiên Nga cổ bình trong đó putrefying vật liệu có thể ông làm nóng để đun sôi, nhưng máy có thể nhập lại. Uốn cong ở cổ ngăn không cho vi sinh vật nhận được trong flask. Vật chất khử trùng trong một flask không chăm.