Many refiners inject caustic into the crude feed to the crude unit distillation tower tocontrol condensation of hydrochloric acid downstream of the distillation tower in theoverhead line. Caustic injection is carefully balanced with chloride levels measured in theoverhead receiver.Typically, operators specify chloride levels to be between 10 and 30 ppm. The lowerlimit is set to avoid over-treatment with caustic. Over treatment with caustic can result incontamination of the heavy products from the crude distillation tower with sodium, whichcan affect downstream units such as cokers, visbreakers, and Fluid Catalytic Cracking(FCC) Units. One best practice limits sodium to 25 ppm in the visbreaker feed.Caustic treatment has been ongoing for many years and the lessons learned from caustictreatment can be applied to other types of chemical treatments. How the chemicaltreatment is introduced to the process is very important to the success of the treatment. Atypical injection quill might look like the following example.Generally, the most effective position for chemical injection is at the center of the pipe.The highest fluid velocity is normally at the center of the line, therefore, injection at thispoint is intended to prevent concentration of the chemical at the edge where the velocityis low due to friction and will ensure efficient distribution of the chemical treatment.The design of a chemical injection quill uses an open end quill with a beveled tip that isslotted. The concept for this design is that the process stream pushes the treatment mixturethrough the slot in the quill which will create turbulence and mixing downstream. Moreover,
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