What´s inside a microcomputer?The nerve centre of a microcomputer is t dịch - What´s inside a microcomputer?The nerve centre of a microcomputer is t Hà Lan (Nam Phi) làm thế nào để nói

What´s inside a microcomputer?The n

What´s inside a microcomputer?
The nerve centre of a microcomputer is the central processing unit, or CPU. This unit is built into a single microprocessor chip – an integrated circuit – which executes program instructions and supervises the computer`s overall operation. The unit consist of three main parts:
1) The Control Unit, which examines the instructions in the user’s program, interprets each instructions in the user’s program, interprets each instruction and causes the circuits and the rest of the components – disk drivers, monitor, etc. – to be activated to execute the functions specified;
2) The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which performs mathematical calculations (+, -, etc.) and logical operations (and, or, etc.);
3) The Registers, which are high-speed unit of memory used to store and control information. One of these registers is the Program Counter (PC) which keeps track of the next instruction to be performed in the main memory. Another is the Instruction Register (IR) which holds the instruction that is currently begin executed.
One area where microprocessors differ is in the amount of data – the number of bits – they can work with at a time. There are 8, 16, 32 and 64 bit processor. The computer’s internal architecture is evolving so quickly that the new 64 bit processors are able to address 4 billion times more information than a 32 bit system.
The programs and data which pass through the central processor must be loaded into the main memory (also called the internal memory) in order to be processed. Thus, when the user runs an application, the microprocessor looks for it on secondary memory devices (disks) and transfers a copy of the application into the RAM area. RAM (Random Access Memory) is temporary, i.e. its information is lost when the computer is turned off. However, the ROM section (Read only Memory) is permanent and contains instructions needed by the processor.
Most of today’s computers have internal expansion slots that allow users to install adapters include high-resolution graphics boards, memory expansion boards, and internal modems.
The power and performance of a computer is partly determined by the speed of its microprocessor. A clock provides pulses at fixed intervals to measure and synchronize circuits and units. The clock speed is measured in MHZ (megahertz) and refers to the frequency at which pulses are emitted. For example, a PU running at 50 MHZ (50 million cycles per second) is likely to provide a very fast processing rate and will enable the computer to handle the most demanding applications
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Aktueel binne 'n mikrorekenaar?
Die senuwee sentrum van 'n mikrorekenaar is die sentrale verwerkingseenheid, of CPU. Hierdie eenheid is gebou in 'n enkele mikroverwerker chip - 'n geïntegreerde stroombaan - wat programinstruksies voer en hou toesig oor die computer`s algehele werking. Die eenheid bestaan uit drie hoofdele:
1) 'n beheereenheid wat die instruksies in die program die gebruiker se ondersoek, interpreteer elke instruksies in program die gebruiker se interpreteer elke opdrag en veroorsaak dat die bane en die res van die komponente - skyf bestuurders, monitor, ens - word geaktiveer om die gespesifiseerde funksies uit te voer;
2) die rekenkundige logiese Eenheid (RLE), wat wiskundige berekeninge (+, voer -, ens) en logiese operasies (en, of, ens);
3) die registers , wat is 'n hoë-spoed-eenheid van die geheue wat gebruik word om te slaan en te beheer inligting. Een van hierdie registers is die Program Counter (PC) wat die spoor van die volgende instruksie hou wat uitgevoer moet word in die hoofgeheue. Nog is die tug Register (IR) wat die instruksie wat tans begin word uitgevoer hou.
Een gebied waar mikroverwerkers verskil is in die bedrag van data - die aantal bisse - hulle kan op 'n slag werk. Daar is 8, 16, 32 en 64 bit verwerker. Interne argitektuur die rekenaar se so vinnig veranderende dat die nuwe 64 bit verwerkers in staat is om 4 miljard keer meer inligting as 'n 32 bit stelsel aan te spreek.
Die programme en data wat deur middel van die sentrale verwerker te slaag moet in die hoofgeheue gelaai word (ook bekend as die interne geheue) ten einde te verwerk. Dus, wanneer die gebruiker 'n aansoek loop, die mikroverwerker lyk dit op sekondêre geheue toestelle (skywe) en dra 'n afskrif van die aansoek in die geheue area. RAM (ewetoeganklike geheue) is tydelik, dit wil sê sy inligting is verlore wanneer die rekenaar afgeskakel. Maar die ROM artikel (Lees net Memory) is permanent en bevat instruksies wat nodig is deur die verwerker.
Die meeste van rekenaars vandag se interne uitbreiding slots wat gebruikers in staat stel om adapters te installeer sluit in hoë-resolusie beelde borde, geheue uitbreiding planke en interne modems.
Die krag en prestasie van 'n rekenaar is deels bepaal deur die spoed van die mikroverwerker. 'N klok bied polse op vaste intervalle te meet en stroombane en eenhede te sinchroniseer. Die klok spoed gemeet in MHz (hertz) en verwys na die frekwensie waarteen polse vrygestel. Byvoorbeeld, 'n PU loop op 50 MHZ (50 miljoen siklusse per sekonde) is waarskynlik 'n baie vinnige verwerking koers te voorsien en sal die rekenaar in staat stel om die mees veeleisende toepassings te hanteer
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