A facial artery axial pattern flap can be used tocover defects involving the rostral and lateral nasalregions and the maxilla. The base of the flap islocated at the commissure of the lip and is thereforeperfused by the superior and inferior labial arteries.A cutaneous branch of the angularis artery runsbetween the superior and inferior labial arteries andmeets the cutaneous branches of the massetericartery and the transverse facial artery at the dorsalextent of the flap. The caudal border of the flap isdefined by the lateral aspect of the first cervicalvertebra (atlas). Sufficient skin is usually harvestedif the flap is extended to the level of the vertical earcanal. This also reduces the risk of necrosis of thetip of the flap. The lateral borders of the flap are thecaudal mandible ventrally and the ventral aspect ofthe zygomatic arch dorsally. In the cat, the viabilityof an axial pattern flap based on the facial artery,with similar dimensions to the flap, has recentlybeen demonstrated (211, 212).
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