Pressure-enthalpy diagrams for a subcritical cycle with R-134a and a transcritical cycle with CO2 are shown in Figures 2 and 3. It is important to understand the differences between these two cycles.Figure 2 is a pressure-enthalpy diagram for R-134a in a traditional vapor compression refrigeration cycle. Starting at the lower left of the figure and moving to the right, the bottom line represents the evaporation process. Refrigerant pressure (the y axis) remains constant in the evaporator, and heat gain during the evaporation process is represented by the in-creasing specific enthalpy (which can be interpreted as specific "energy content" of the refrigerant, measured along the x axis).On the right side of the figure, the line slanting upward to the right as pressure rises sharply and steadily is the compression process, where we add power to the system to run the compressor.In the top horizontal line of the figure, moving from right to left, the condensing process occurs. Here the heat absorbed during evaporation - and the heat added during compression - is rejected out of the system.During the condensing process, the quality of the refrigerant changes until it is 100 percent liquid. A further cooling of the liquid often occurs so that the refrigerant is subcooled when leaving the condenser. There is no change in pressure or temperature during the phase change.The final process in the cycle is expansion, represented by the drop in refrigerant pressure along the left side of the figure. The pressure drop occurs as the refrigerant passes through a metering device (expansion valve or capillary tube).
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