FOOD CHEMISTRY1. The role of water in food- Water helps the dispersion of solutes (such as flavorings, colorings) in monolithic food easier. Through links with the dry matter, it also helps form the structure of food (such as gel structure, or gluten network). water also participated directly in some reactions, for example, hydrolysis reaction, to form a number of characteristics of the food. Especially significant role of water on the activity of microorganisms, one of the important factors damaging the food2. The role of color in food- Color not only affects the visual appeal of foods and beverages, but also plays into perceived taste. Getting color right is critical to a product’s success.- The color of a foods a visual first impression that can result in a sale (or not) and ultimately influences a consumer’s enjoyment of a product.- What’s more, color influences how consumers perceive taste and quality, and can impact their preferences.- Color additives serve a number of purposes in food and beverages, which include, according to FDA: “to offset color loss due to exposure to light, air, temperature extremes, moisture and storage conditions; to correct natural variations in color; and to provide color to colorless and ‘fun’ foods."3. The role of flavor in food- The addition of flavourings can be necessary to compensate for the loss offlavour during the processing and storage of foods such as pasteurizedfoods.- Flavourings can be used to assist to compensate for reductions inundesirable food ingredients such as fat, sugar, and salt.- The use of flavourings can compensate for supply limitations by helping to standardize the flavour of food.- Flavourings provide novelty and innovation through combinations offlavourings that provide interest and variety such as mango/passion fruitice cream, and chicken tikka.- The production of foods based on bland, nutritionally valuable ingredientsfor underfed populations may be made more acceptable through the use offlavourings.4. The role of additives in food- Substances added to food to preserve flavor or improve their appearance and Keep safe food, fresh food so often some bacteria, poisonous mushrooms, molds, yeasts damaging .- Additives can help preserve and slow spoilage, maintain and attractive qualities of the food.- - Quality makes the dish with moisture, not dry, slightly bulging and spices do not stick together as emulsifier lecithin in the milk, egg yolks, soy, glycerin retain moisture and spices in vinegar and oil , tribe...- Dry compounds, clotting, from sticking together as calcium silicate, silicon dioxide.- Additives help materials easily merged together.- Substances that alter acidity, alkalinity of food, aims to change the structure, as well as increase the flavor of food safety such as potassium, tartaric acid, lactic acid, citric acid5. 5.1. the role of enzymes in the process- enzyme also provide environmental friendly products to consumers that were manufactured, reducing consumption in energy, water and raw materials - and generating less waste.- During starch processing, enzymes help to separate raw milled cereals into polysaccharides, gluten and fibres.- Enzymes are also used to further break down the long chains of sugars (polysaccharides) into multiple sugars (e.g. glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, maltotriose, raffinose).- Enzymes break down specific components within fruit & vegetables such as pectin, starch, proteins and cellulose which results in increased yields, shortening of processing time and improving sensory characteristics.- Food enzymes provide many benefits to the dairy industry. They can prolong the ‘resilience’ in cheese, remove liquid milk and reduce whey bitterness.5.2. the role of enzymes in the digestive process- enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the amount of energy needed to initiate a particular reaction. The digestive system produces numerous enzymes to facilitate the biochemical reactions that transform ordinary food into the substances that nourish human life.- In the case of amylase, the substrates are compressed packages of carbohydrates called starches; amylase helps to break down starches into individual sugar molecules such as glucose-
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