As noted, the resistance mechanisms and genes that mediate resistance have presumably evolved in organisms that produce antibiotics, and the antibiotic is not effective against the produc-ing organism. Furthermore, organisms that coevolved with antibiotic-producing organisms may have acquired new func-tions in normal housekeeping genes to help detoxify antibiotics. Thus, by the process of natural selection, target organisms may acquire, evolve, and disseminate resistance determinants and use multiple combinations of intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resis-tance strategies to survive toxic environments. This section
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