The work of the railroad pioneers i

The work of the railroad pioneers in America became the basis for a great surge of railroad building halfway through the nineteenth century that linked the nation together as never before. Railroads eventually became the nation’s number one transportation system, and remained so until the construction of the interstate highway system halfway through the twentieth century. They were of crucial importance in stimulating economic expansion, but their influence reached beyond the economy and was pervasive in American society at large.
By 1804, English as well as American inventors had experimented with steam engines for moving land vehicles. In 1920, John Stevens ran a locomotive and cars around in a circular track on his New Jersey estate, which the public saw as an amusing toy. And in 1825, after opening a short length of track, the Stockton to Darlington Railroad in England became the first line to carry general traffic. American businesspeople, especially those in the Atlantic coastal region who looked for better communication with the West, quickly became interested in the English experiment. The first company in America to begin actual operations was the Baltimore and Ohio, which opened a thirteen- mile length of track in 1830. It used a team of horses to pull a train of passenger carriages and freight wagons along the track. Steam locomotive power didn’t come into regular service until two years later.
However, for the first decade or more, there was not yet a true railroad system. Even the longest of the lines was relatively short in the 1830’s, and most of them served simply to connect water routes to each other, not to link one railroad to another. Even when two lines did connect, the tracks often differed in width, so cars from one line couldn’t fit onto tracks of the next line. Schedules were unreliable and wrecks were frequent. Significantly, however, some important developments during the 1830’s and 1840’s included the introduction of heavier iron rails, more flexible and powerful locomotives, and passenger cars were redesigned to become more stable, comfortable, and larger. By the end of 1830 only 23 miles of track had been laid in the country. But by 1836, more than 1,000 miles of track had been laid in eleven States, and within the decade, almost 3,000 miles had been constructed. By that early age, the United States had already surpassed Great Britain in railroad construction, and particularly from the mid-1860’s, the late nineteenth century belonged to the railroads.

1 The word “stimulating” in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(a) helping
(b) changing
(c) promoting
(d) influencing

2 The word “their” in line 6 refers to
(a) railroad pioneers
(b) railroads
(c) the interstate highway system
(d) American society

3 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(a) The United States regarded Great Britain as a competitor in developing the most efficient railroad system
(b) Steam locomotive power was first used in 1832
(c) American businessmen saw railroads as a threat to established businesses
(d) Steam locomotives replaced horses because of the distances across the country

4 The author concludes that for the first decade or more, there was not yet a true
railroad system because
(a) passenger cars were not stable, comfortable or large
(b) locomotives were not powerful enough
(c) schedules were unreliable and wrecks were frequent
(d) lines were relatively short and not usually linked

5 The word “schedules” in line 23 is closest in meaning to:
(a) safety procedures
(b) employees
(c) timetables
(d) railroad tracks

6 Which of the following is NOT true about the 1830’s and 1840’s (line 24)
(a) passenger cars became larger
(b) schedules were reliable
(c) locomotives became more powerful
(d) tracks were heavier

7 The word “stable” in line 26 is closest in meaning to
(a) fixed
(b) supportive
(c) reliable
(d) sound

8 By what time had almost 3,000 miles of track been laid?
(a) 1830
(b) 1836
(c) 1840
(d) mid-1860s

9 The word “surpassed” in line 29 is closest in meaning to
(a) exceeded
(b) beaten
(c) overtaken
(d) equaled

10 Where in the passage does the author outline the main conclusions about the
importance of railroads in America?
(a) Lines 3-7
(b) Lines 14-18
(c) Lines 19-21
(d) Lines 29-31

11 Why does the author include details about Great Britain in the passage?
(a) To compare developments in both the United States and Great Britain
(b) To illustrate the competitiveness between the two countries
(c) To show where Americans got their ideas and technology from
(d)To provide a more complete historical context

Kết quả (Trung) 1:

The work of the railroad pioneers in America became the basis for a great surge of railroad building halfway through the nineteenth century that linked the nation together as never before. Railroads eventually became the nation’s number one transportation system, and remained so until the construction of the interstate highway system halfway through the twentieth century. They were of crucial importance in stimulating economic expansion, but their influence reached beyond the economy and was pervasive in American society at large. By 1804, English as well as American inventors had experimented with steam engines for moving land vehicles. In 1920, John Stevens ran a locomotive and cars around in a circular track on his New Jersey estate, which the public saw as an amusing toy. And in 1825, after opening a short length of track, the Stockton to Darlington Railroad in England became the first line to carry general traffic. American businesspeople, especially those in the Atlantic coastal region who looked for better communication with the West, quickly became interested in the English experiment. The first company in America to begin actual operations was the Baltimore and Ohio, which opened a thirteen- mile length of track in 1830. It used a team of horses to pull a train of passenger carriages and freight wagons along the track. Steam locomotive power didn’t come into regular service until two years later. However, for the first decade or more, there was not yet a true railroad system. Even the longest of the lines was relatively short in the 1830’s, and most of them served simply to connect water routes to each other, not to link one railroad to another. Even when two lines did connect, the tracks often differed in width, so cars from one line couldn’t fit onto tracks of the next line. Schedules were unreliable and wrecks were frequent. Significantly, however, some important developments during the 1830’s and 1840’s included the introduction of heavier iron rails, more flexible and powerful locomotives, and passenger cars were redesigned to become more stable, comfortable, and larger. By the end of 1830 only 23 miles of track had been laid in the country. But by 1836, more than 1,000 miles of track had been laid in eleven States, and within the decade, almost 3,000 miles had been constructed. By that early age, the United States had already surpassed Great Britain in railroad construction, and particularly from the mid-1860’s, the late nineteenth century belonged to the railroads.1 The word “stimulating” in line 5 is closest in meaning to(a) helping(b) changing(c) promoting(d) influencing2 The word “their” in line 6 refers to(a) railroad pioneers(b) railroads(c) the interstate highway system(d) American society3 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?(a) 美国将英国视为一个竞争者在开发效率最高的铁路系统(b) 蒸气机车动力是首次使用在 1832 年(c) 美国商人看到铁路对老牌企业的威胁(d) 蒸汽机车取代马因为距离原因，全国各地4 作者得出结论，第一个十年或更多，还没有一个真正的因为铁路系统(a) 乘用车并不稳定、 舒适或大(b) 机车并不足够强大(c) 附表不可靠，沉船被频繁(d) 线是相对较短和不通常链接5 在第 23 行的"时间表"一词是最接近的意义:(a) 安全程序(b) 雇员(c) 时间表(d) 铁路轨道6 以下哪一项不是真正关于 1830 的和 1840 年 (第 24 行)(a) 乘用车变得更大(b) 附表是可靠的(c) 机车变得更强大(d) 轨道均重7"稳定"在第 26 行这个词是最接近的意义(a) 固定(b) 支持(c) 可靠(d) 声音8 由什么时候几乎 3000 英里的轨道奠定了吗?(a) 1830(b) 1836(c) 1840(d) 中期-19 世纪 60 年代9"超越"在第 29 行字是最接近的意义(a) 超过(b) 殴打(c) 超越(d) 合计10 在哪里在这篇文章并作者概述主要结论关于在美国铁路的重要性吗?(a) 第 3-7 行(b) 线 14-18(c) Lines 19-21(d) Lines 29-3111 Why does the author include details about Great Britain in the passage? (a) To compare developments in both the United States and Great Britain(b) To illustrate the competitiveness between the two countries(c) To show where Americans got their ideas and technology from(d)To provide a more complete historical context

Kết quả (Trung) 2:

在美国铁路先驱的工作变得依据铁路建设半路通过链接国家前所未有地聚拢在一起十九世纪的一个伟大的激增。铁路最终成为全美排名第一的交通运输系统，并一直保持到州际高速公路系统的一半在20世纪的建筑。他们是至关重要的刺激经济增长，但他们的影响力已经超出了经济，是普遍存在于美国社会。
到1804年，英国以及美国的发明人尝试用蒸汽机为移动陆上交通工具。1920年，约翰·史蒂文斯在一个圆形轨道上他的新泽西州地产，而公众看见了作为一个有趣的玩具跑了机车和汽车周围。而在1825年，开放的赛道很短的长度之后，斯托克顿至达林顿铁路在英国成为了随身携带一般交通的第一线。美国商人，尤其是那些在谁看了与西方更好的沟通大西洋沿岸地区，很快产生了兴趣，在英语实验。在美国的第一家公司开始实际操作是巴尔的摩和俄亥俄，由此拉开了轨道thirteen-英里的长度在1830年它曾经一队马拉客车和货车沿着轨道的火车。汽机车电源没有接触到正规的服务，直到两年后。
但是，对于第一个十年或更长时间，有没有真正的铁路系统。即使是最长的线路相对较短，在19世纪30年代，其中大部分服务仅仅是水路相互连接，而不是一个铁路连接起来。即使当两行没有连接，轨道常常不同的宽度，所以从一行汽车不能装配到下一行的轨道。时间表是不可靠和沉船频繁。显著，但是，在1830年代和1840年代的一些重要发展包括引进更重的铁栏杆，更加灵活和强大的机车和客车被重新设计，变得更加稳定，舒适，大。到1830年年底只有23英里的轨道已经奠定在该国。但到了1836年，超过1000英里的轨道已经铺设在十一个州，并在十年内，几乎3000英里已经建成。到得这么早，美国已经超过了英国的铁路建设，特别是从中期的1860年代，十九世纪末期属于铁路。1 在第5行“刺激”这个词是最接近的意义（一）帮助（b）改变（c）促进（D）影响2单词“他们”，在6号线是指（一）铁路的先驱（二）铁路（C）的州际公路系统（D）美国社会3哪下面可以从本文可以推断？（一）美国认为英国在开发最高效的铁路系统中的竞争对手（二）汽机车功率最早是在1832年使用的（C）美国商人看到了铁路作为威胁成立企业（四）汽机车替换，因为全国各地的距离马4笔者的结论是，在第一个十年以上的，有没有真正的铁路系统，因为（一）乘用车并不稳定，舒适或大（B ）机车还不够强大（C）的时间表是不可靠的，沉船频繁（四）线相对较短，通常不相连的线23 5单词“时间表”是最接近的含义：（一）安全程序（B）员工（C）时间表（四）铁路轨道6下列哪项不是真正的对1830年代和1840年代（24行）（一）乘用车变大（B）的时间表是可信的（C）型机车成为更强大的（D）轨道是较重的7行26字“稳”是最接近的意义（一）固定（二）支持（C）可靠（四）健全的8到什么时候了轨道几乎3000英里被解雇？（一）1830 （B）1836（C）1840（D）19 世纪60年代9单词“超越”的第29行是最接近的意义（一）超过（B）殴打（C）取代（D）等于10凡在通道呢笔者概括了主要结论对铁路在美国的重要性？（一）第3-7行（B）线14-18（三）线19-21（四）第29-31行11请问为何不提交包括有关细节英国在通道？（一）比较发展在美国和英国这两个（B）为了说明这两个国家之间的竞争力（三）若要显示美国人有自己的想法和技术（d）提供一个更完整的历史背景

Kết quả (Trung) 3:

美国铁路开拓者的工作，在第十九个世纪之前的一次巨大的铁路建设基础上，使全国联系在一起，这是一个伟大的基础。铁路最终成为全国第一个交通运输体系，一直是这样，直到第二十个世纪的公路系统在半个世纪之际公路系统的建设过程中一直如此。他们在刺激经济发展过程中起着至关重要的作用，但他们的影响力超越了经济，在美国社会中普遍存在。1804、英语以及美国发明家已经尝试用蒸汽机来移动陆地车辆。在1920，史蒂文斯在一个圆形的轨道上运行机车和汽车在他的新泽西房地产，公共视为一个有趣的玩具。在1825，开一个长度较短的轨道后，斯托克顿达林顿铁路成为英国进行一般交通的第一行。美国商人，特别是大西洋沿海地区的人寻求与西方的交流，很快就在英国实验感兴趣。在美国的第一家公司开始实际运作是巴尔的摩和俄亥俄州，这一一三英里的长度在1830。它用一队马拉一列火车车厢和货车沿轨道。蒸汽机车电力直到两年后才开始正常运行，然而，在第一个十年或更多，