41200:34:34,034 --> 00:34:36,867Ger

412
00:34:34,034 --> 00:34:36,867
German generals knew
their own clock was ticking.

413
00:34:43,594 --> 00:34:49,146
The alliance between France and Russia meant
that Germany faced a war on two fronts.

414
00:34:49,234 --> 00:34:51,794
Her only hope
was to deal with France in the west,

415
00:34:51,874 --> 00:34:55,469
before the main Russian armies
could invade from the east.

416
00:34:55,554 --> 00:34:58,114
That left no time to wait and see.

417
00:34:58,194 --> 00:35:01,106
For Germany, Russian mobilisation meant war.

418
00:35:01,194 --> 00:35:03,150
(Marching steps)

419
00:35:08,674 --> 00:35:11,393
Germany hadn't looked for a fight.

420
00:35:11,474 --> 00:35:15,831
Her generals knew a European war would be
long and devastating, even for the victors.

421
00:35:16,994 --> 00:35:20,873
But if it was going to happen ,
they thought, better sooner than later.

422
00:35:23,474 --> 00:35:26,386
According to all competent observation

423
00:35:26,474 --> 00:35:30,228
Russia will be prepared to fight in a few years

424
00:35:30,314 --> 00:35:33,431
Then she will crush us
by the number of her soldiers

425
00:35:33,514 --> 00:35:37,587
Then she will have built her Baltic Sea Fleet
and strategic railways

426
00:35:37,674 --> 00:35:41,223
Our side meanwhile
will have grown steadily weaker

427
00:35:44,434 --> 00:35:48,507
On 1 August, Germany declared war on Russia.

428
00:35:48,594 --> 00:35:52,064
Two days later,
she declared war on Russia's ally, France.

429
00:35:58,554 --> 00:36:02,229
Across Europe,
ten million men headed off to fight.

430
00:36:05,434 --> 00:36:09,825
For all the bands and flag-waving,
many went unwillingly to war.

431
00:36:10,434 --> 00:36:14,666
Where are we off to?
France? Belgium ? Or the East?

432
00:36:15,954 --> 00:36:19,913
At the station people waved goodbye
some with handkerchiefs

433
00:36:19,994 --> 00:36:23,669
I thought of my wife and child left alone at home

434
00:36:23,754 --> 00:36:28,225
In fact it wasn't so much a thought
as a fearful shadow flitting over my soul

435
00:36:38,834 --> 00:36:40,790
God! How long is this town?

436
00:36:41,834 --> 00:36:45,543
My bayonet's digging in
My collar 's strangling me

437
00:36:45,634 --> 00:36:48,990
But when I look up I see a pretty girl

438
00:36:49,074 --> 00:36:52,225
She was so full of admiration so moved by it all

439
00:36:52,314 --> 00:36:55,431
that I realise
we've got to look handsome and walk tall

440
00:36:55,514 --> 00:36:59,826
Off we march to the sound of shrill brass
although where we are going

441
00:36:59,914 --> 00:37:04,590
you die you're defaced hacked up torn apart

442
00:37:05,674 --> 00:37:09,428
All down the line
my comrades straighten up at the sight of her

443
00:37:16,554 --> 00:37:18,670
There is great excitement among my comrades

444
00:37:18,754 --> 00:37:22,383
The bachelors are calm
They're even joking about it

445
00:37:22,474 --> 00:37:24,146
Family men are depressed

446
00:37:24,234 --> 00:37:29,592
Some are saying we'll get nothing from this war
We'll get beaten by the Germans

447
00:37:30,794 --> 00:37:32,671
What's in it for us peasant-soldiers?

448
00:37:32,754 --> 00:37:36,542
Why have we got to fight
for some offended Serbs?

449
00:37:37,594 --> 00:37:41,633
The leaders had little better idea
why they were fighting than the men.

450
00:37:41,714 --> 00:37:44,626
They had no lists of war aims.

451
00:37:44,714 --> 00:37:47,148
Germany and Austria,
Serbia, Russia and France

452
00:37:47,234 --> 00:37:50,385
were all convinced
they were fighting a defensive war,

453
00:37:50,474 --> 00:37:52,430
forced on them by someone else.

454
00:37:58,074 --> 00:38:02,147
The only great power in Europe
still on the sidelines was Britain.

455
00:38:09,234 --> 00:38:13,022
On 2 August 1914, Britain was still at peace.

456
00:38:13,114 --> 00:38:14,433
But only just.

457
00:38:17,314 --> 00:38:19,305
We've been in a state of great excitement

458
00:38:19,394 --> 00:38:21,385
as the reservists are being called up

459
00:38:21,474 --> 00:38:22,907
All the railways are guarded

460
00:38:22,994 --> 00:38:28,466
Everything points to the great war
so long expected being upon us

461
00:38:31,154 --> 00:38:36,148
But Britain was the only Great Power who could
not claim she was the victim of aggression.

462
00:38:36,234 --> 00:38:39,624
Nobody had attacked her,
so why should she fight?

463
00:38:39,714 --> 00:38:42,990
It wasn't really
to defend the rights of small nations,

464
00:38:43,074 --> 00:38:46,703
at least, not Serbia,
according to the Manchester Guardian .

465
00:38:48,274 --> 00:38:52,745
If it were physically possible for Serbia
to be towed out to sea and sunk there

466
00:38:52,834 --> 00:38:55,871
the air of Europe would at once seem cleaner

467
00:38:58,834 --> 00:39:01,348
Nor was Britain bound by treaty obligations,

468
00:39:01,434 --> 00:39:04,949
as the Foreign Secretary,
Edward Grey, assured Parliament.

469
00:39:06,114 --> 00:39:10,073
We are not parties
to the Franco-Russian alliance

470
00:39:10,154 --> 00:39:12,622
We do not even know the terms of the alliance

471
00:39:14,514 --> 00:39:15,913
(Ticking)

472
00:39:15,994 --> 00:39:20,465
But in private, Grey and other leaders
knew that Britain had to fight.

473
00:39:22,154 --> 00:39:26,625
If Britain stayed neutral, the war
would still threaten the country's vast empire,

474
00:39:26,714 --> 00:39:28,670
its global trade and security.

475
00:39:30,514 --> 00:39:34,223
And Britain needed to stay on friendly terms
with France and Russia.

476
00:39:34,314 --> 00:39:39,308
Even in peacetime, she was not powerful
enough to defend her empire against everyone.

477
00:39:41,194 --> 00:39:42,547
In Africa and lndia,

478
00:39:42,634 --> 00:39:46,866
the safety of Britain's colonies
depended on French and Russian goodwill.

479
00:39:49,354 --> 00:39:53,905
In 1914, Britain feared her friends
just as much as her enemies.

480
00:39:55,834 --> 00:39:57,665
If we fail Russia now

481
00:39:57,754 --> 00:40:02,111
we cannot hope to maintain
that friendly co-operation with her in Asia

482
00:40:02,194 --> 00:40:04,788
that is of such vital importance to us

483
00:40:05,994 --> 00:40:12,308
Above all, Britain could never afford to have
Europe dominated by a triumphant Germany.

484
00:40:12,394 --> 00:40:17,468
If Germany overran the Channel ports, Britain's
control of the seas would be under threat.

485
00:40:19,034 --> 00:40:21,992
Prime Minister Herbert Asquith
took a pragmatic view.

486
00:40:22,074 --> 00:40:26,784
It is quite against Britih interests
that France should be wiped out

487
00:40:29,594 --> 00:40:34,110
At 11 pm on 4 August,
Britain declared war on Germany.

488
00:40:34,194 --> 00:40:39,427
It was like awaiting the signal for the pulling of
a leaver which would hurl millions to their doom

489
00:40:39,514 --> 00:40:42,472
The deep notes of Big Ben
rang out into the night

490
00:40:42,554 --> 00:40:48,072
the first strokes in Britain's most fateful hour
since she arose out of the deep

491
00:40:48,154 --> 00:40:52,750
Every face was suddenly contracted
into a painful intensity

492
00:40:55,994 --> 00:41:00,351
It's horrible to think of all the suffering
which may follow our mobiliation

493
00:41:00,434 --> 00:41:03,153
I suppose the less one thinks of it the better

494
00:41:05,554 --> 00:41:08,705
We never talk of death
and very selom think much about it

495
00:41:08,794 --> 00:41:11,627
It's when everyone is asleep and you are awake

496
00:41:11,714 --> 00:41:14,592
that sometimes you look into the future
and wonder

497
00:41:17,514 --> 00:41:22,429
The British Government had a War Book,
listing all that had to be done in an emergency.

498
00:41:23,914 --> 00:41:27,429
The country's leaders knew
war would be a long and painful struggle,

499
00:41:27,514 --> 00:41:32,269
a slow, grinding process of blockade,
of starving the enemy out.

500
00:41:35,754 --> 00:41:39,030
But most civilians had no idea
what they were getting into.

501
00:41:40,314 --> 00:41:43,431
Across Europe, there was a run on the banks.

502
00:41:43,514 --> 00:41:45,345
The war couldn't last longer than a year,

503
00:41:45,434 --> 00:41:48,346
the French Finance Minister
told a British general,

504
00:41:48,434 --> 00:41:50,868
because the money to pay for it would run out.

505
00:41:59,154 --> 00:42:00,826
Most people expected Britain,

506
00:42:00,914 --> 00:42:04,270
with the largest navy in the world,
to fight a sea war.

507
00:42:07,554 --> 00:42:10,022
The Foreign Secretary reassured the nation.

508
00:42:11,674 --> 00:42:14,507
For us with a powerful fleet

509
00:42:14,594 --> 00:42:17,904
which we believe able to protect our commerce
to protect our shores

510
00:42:17,994 --> 00:42:19,746
and to protect our interests

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

41200:34:34,034 --> 00:34:36,867German generals knewtheir own clock was ticking.41300:34:43,594 --> 00:34:49,146The alliance between France and Russia meantthat Germany faced a war on two fronts.41400:34:49,234 --> 00:34:51,794Her only hopewas to deal with France in the west,41500:34:51,874 --> 00:34:55,469before the main Russian armiescould invade from the east.41600:34:55,554 --> 00:34:58,114That left no time to wait and see.41700:34:58,194 --> 00:35:01,106For Germany, Russian mobilisation meant war.41800:35:01,194 --> 00:35:03,150(Marching steps)41900:35:08,674 --> 00:35:11,393Germany hadn't looked for a fight.42000:35:11,474 --> 00:35:15,831Her generals knew a European war would belong and devastating, even for the victors.42100:35:16,994 --> 00:35:20,873But if it was going to happen ,they thought, better sooner than later.42200:35:23,474 --> 00:35:26,386According to all competent observation42300:35:26,474 --> 00:35:30,228Russia will be prepared to fight in a few years42400:35:30,314 --> 00:35:33,431Then she will crush usby the number of her soldiers42500:35:33,514 --> 00:35:37,587Then she will have built her Baltic Sea Fleetand strategic railways42600:35:37,674 --> 00:35:41,223Our side meanwhilewill have grown steadily weaker42700:35:44,434 --> 00:35:48,507On 1 August, Germany declared war on Russia.42800:35:48,594 --> 00:35:52,064Hai ngày sau đó,cô tuyên chiến với đồng minh của Nga, Pháp.42900:35:58, 554--> 00:36:02, 229Trên khắp châu Âu,mười triệu người đàn ông di chuyển hướng về chiến đấu.43000:36:05, 434--> 00:36:09, 825Cho tất cả các ban nhạc và vẫy,nhiều người đã đi unwillingly đến chiến tranh.43100:36:10, 434--> 00:36:14, 666Chúng ta ở đâu ra để?Pháp? Bỉ? Hoặc phía đông?43200:36:15, 954--> 00:36:19, 913Tại các trạm người vẫy lời tạm biệtmột số có khăn tay43300:36:19, 994--> 00:36:23, 669Tôi nghĩ của vợ và trẻ em còn lại một mình ở nhà của tôi43400:36:23, 754--> 00:36:28, 225Trong thực tế nó không phải là rất nhiều một ý nghĩnhư một bóng sợ hãi flitting trên linh hồn của tôi43500:36:38, 834--> 00:36:40, 790Thiên Chúa! Bao lâu là thị xã này?43600:36:41, 834--> 00:36:45, 543Lưỡi lê của tôi đào bới trongCổ áo của tôi của kêu tôi43700:36:45, 634--> 00:36:48, 990Nhưng khi tôi nhìn tôi thấy một cô gái xinh đẹp43800:36:49, 074--> 00:36:52, 225Nó là như vậy đầy đủ các ngưỡng mộ rất xúc động bởi tất cả43900:36:52, 314--> 00:36:55, 431tôi nhận rachúng ta phải nhìn đẹp trai và đi bộ cao44000:36:55, 514--> 00:36:59, 826Ra chúng ta hành quân đến những âm thanh của chát tai đồng thaumặc dù chúng ta đang đi đâu44100:36:59, 914--> 00:37:04, 590bạn chết bạn đang nhòe tấn công lên rách ngoài44200:37:05, 674--> 00:37:09, 428Tất cả xuống dòngđồng chí của tôi thẳng lên tại thị giác của cô ấy44300:37:16, 554--> 00:37:18, 670Đó là sự phấn khích tuyệt vời giữa các đồng chí của tôi44400:37:18, 754--> 00:37:22, 383Các bằng cử nhân được bình tĩnhThey're even joking about it44500:37:22,474 --> 00:37:24,146Family men are depressed44600:37:24,234 --> 00:37:29,592Some are saying we'll get nothing from this warWe'll get beaten by the Germans44700:37:30,794 --> 00:37:32,671What's in it for us peasant-soldiers?44800:37:32,754 --> 00:37:36,542Why have we got to fightfor some offended Serbs?44900:37:37,594 --> 00:37:41,633The leaders had little better ideawhy they were fighting than the men.45000:37:41,714 --> 00:37:44,626They had no lists of war aims.45100:37:44,714 --> 00:37:47,148Germany and Austria,Serbia, Russia and France45200:37:47,234 --> 00:37:50,385were all convincedthey were fighting a defensive war,45300:37:50,474 --> 00:37:52,430forced on them by someone else.45400:37:58,074 --> 00:38:02,147The only great power in Europestill on the sidelines was Britain.45500:38:09,234 --> 00:38:13,022On 2 August 1914, Britain was still at peace.45600:38:13,114 --> 00:38:14,433But only just.45700:38:17,314 --> 00:38:19,305We've been in a state of great excitement45800:38:19,394 --> 00:38:21,385as the reservists are being called up45900:38:21,474 --> 00:38:22,907All the railways are guarded46000:38:22,994 --> 00:38:28,466Everything points to the great warso long expected being upon us46100:38:31,154 --> 00:38:36,148But Britain was the only Great Power who couldnot claim she was the victim of aggression.46200:38:36,234 --> 00:38:39,624Nobody had attacked her,so why should she fight?46300:38:39,714 --> 00:38:42,990It wasn't reallyto defend the rights of small nations,46400:38:43,074 --> 00:38:46,703at least, not Serbia,according to the Manchester Guardian .46500:38:48,274 --> 00:38:52,745If it were physically possible for Serbiato be towed out to sea and sunk there46600:38:52,834 --> 00:38:55,871the air of Europe would at once seem cleaner46700:38:58,834 --> 00:39:01,348Nor was Britain bound by treaty obligations,46800:39:01,434 --> 00:39:04,949as the Foreign Secretary,Edward Grey, assured Parliament.46900:39:06,114 --> 00:39:10,073We are not partiesto the Franco-Russian alliance47000:39:10,154 --> 00:39:12,622We do not even know the terms of the alliance47100:39:14,514 --> 00:39:15,913(Ticking)47200:39:15,994 --> 00:39:20,465But in private, Grey and other leadersknew that Britain had to fight.47300:39:22,154 --> 00:39:26,625If Britain stayed neutral, the warwould still threaten the country's vast empire,47400:39:26,714 --> 00:39:28,670its global trade and security.47500:39:30,514 --> 00:39:34,223And Britain needed to stay on friendly termswith France and Russia.47600:39:34,314 --> 00:39:39,308Even in peacetime, she was not powerfulenough to defend her empire against everyone.47700:39:41,194 --> 00:39:42,547Ở châu Phi và Ấn,47800:39:42, 634--> 00:39:46, 866sự an toàn của thuộc địa của Anh Quốcphụ thuộc vào thiện chí tiếng Pháp và tiếng Nga.47900:39:49, 354--> 00:39:53, 905Năm 1914, anh sợ bạn bè của côchỉ cần nhiều như kẻ thù của mình.48000:39:55, 834--> 00:39:57, 665Nếu chúng ta không Nga bây giờ48100:39:57, 754--> 00:40:02, 111chúng tôi không thể hy vọng sẽ duy trìđó hợp tác thân thiện với cô ấy ở Châu á48200:40:02, 194--> 00:40:04, 788đó là như vậy quan trọng quan trọng với chúng tôi48300:40:05, 994--> 00:40:12, 308Trên tất cả, Anh có thể không bao giờ đủ khả năng để cóChâu Âu thống trị bởi một nước Đức chiến thắng.48400:40:12, 394--> 00:40:17, 468Nếu Đức tiến vào các cảng, Anh củakiểm soát của biển sẽ là bị đe dọa.48500:40:19, 034--> 00:40:21, 992Tướng Herbert AsquithLấy một cái nhìn thực dụng.48600:40:22, 074--> 00:40:26, 784Nó là khá trái Britih lợi íchPháp nên được xóa sổ48700:40:29, 594--> 00:40:34, 110Lúc 11: 00 ngày 4 tháng 8,Anh tuyên chiến với Đức.48800:40:34, 194--> 00:40:39, 427Nó đã như chờ đợi tín hiệu để kéo củamột leaver mà sẽ quăn triệu đến của doom48900:40:39, 514--> 00:40:42, 472Các ghi chú sâu đồng hồ Big Benrang vào ban đêm49000:40:42, 554--> 00:40:48, 072những nét đầu tiên trong giờ nhất định mệnh của Anh Quốckể từ khi cô ấy đã phát sinh ra khỏi sâu49100:40:48, 154--> 00:40:52, 750Khuôn mặt mỗi đột nhiên ký hợp đồngvào một cường độ đau đớn49200:40:55,994 --> 00:41:00,351It's horrible to think of all the sufferingwhich may follow our mobiliation49300:41:00,434 --> 00:41:03,153I suppose the less one thinks of it the better49400:41:05,554 --> 00:41:08,705We never talk of deathand very selom think much about it49500:41:08,794 --> 00:41:11,627It's when everyone is asleep and you are awake49600:41:11,714 --> 00:41:14,592that sometimes you look into the futureand wonder49700:41:17,514 --> 00:41:22,429The British Government had a War Book,listing all that had to be done in an emergency.49800:41:23,914 --> 00:41:27,429The country's leaders knewwar would be a long and painful struggle,49900:41:27,514 --> 00:41:32,269a slow, grinding process of blockade,of starving the enemy out.50000:41:35,754 --> 00:41:39,030But most civilians had no ideawhat they were getting into.50100:41:40,314 --> 00:41:43,431Across Europe, there was a run on the banks.50200:41:43,514 --> 00:41:45,345The war couldn't last longer than a year,50300:41:45,434 --> 00:41:48,346the French Finance Ministertold a British general,50400:41:48,434 --> 00:41:50,868because the money to pay for it would run out.50500:41:59,154 --> 00:42:00,826Most people expected Britain,50600:42:00,914 --> 00:42:04,270with the largest navy in the world,to fight a sea war.50700:42:07,554 --> 00:42:10,022The Foreign Secretary reassured the nation.50800:42:11, 674--> 00:42:14, 507Đối với chúng tôi với một hạm đội mạnh mẽ50900:42:14, 594--> 00:42:17, 904mà chúng tôi tin rằng có thể để bảo vệ thương mại của chúng tôiđể bảo vệ bờ biển của chúng tôi51000:42:17, 994--> 00:42:19, 746và để bảo vệ lợi ích của chúng tôi