Downward by the inclined burners, the flame path is lengthened,and since each burner is paired with an opposing burner,individual burner flames are convoluted in a turbulent mass. The thorough mixing results in complete , uniform combustion of the fuel in an area that is centered within the furnace envelope.For the lower furnace the burning gases accelerate upward through the venturi restriction, with further turbulent mixing completing the combustion process.The Turbo furnace is used in both industial and utility applications, with sizes available to produce steam for a 600-MW burbine,and is designed to burn a wide variety of coals as well as other fossil fuels.Another pulverized-coal-fired radiant boiler is shown in Fig. 2.39.Tiến hành từ các lò làm mát bằng nước, khí nhiên liệu vượt qua superheater thứ cấp (mà là loại rạng rỡ) để superheater reheater, để chính superheater, để economizer và tái tạo máy preheater, và cuối cùng để ngăn xếp sau khi họ đi qua các hệ thống kiểm soát môi trường (xem chap 12). Hơi nước từ nồi hơi trống chảy qua superheater chính và sau đó được chuyển tải thông qua superheater trung học. Trước khi bước vào trung học superheater, hơi nước đi qua một attemperator, nơi nước được thêm vào để duy trì một nhiệt độ hơi nước liên tục tại các cửa hàng phụ superheater trước khi chảy để các tuabin. Sau khi đi qua các giai đoạn cao áp của tuabin, hơi nước quay trở lại nồi hơi, nơi nó đi qua reheat superheater và sau đó trở về đến giai đoạn áp suất thấp của tuabin.A gas-recirculating duct is connected at the base of the furnace for the introduction of flue gas to control combustion conditions in the bottom of the furnace as well as the furnace-outlet gas temperature , if desired . This is part of the steam temperature control system for this design . High-preheated air ( from the air preheater ) is provided for drying the coal in the pulverizer , with a tempering arrangement to control pulverizer outlet air temperature . Units such as this can be designed for various capacities , pressures , and steam temperature . these boilers are designed for steam flows ranging from 300000 to 1 milion lb/h , pressures from 1800 to 2400 psig , and superheat temperatures over 1000Of.The utility boilers shown in Fig.2.40 has a capacity of 4800000 lb/h at 2620 psig and 1005/1005oF ( superheat and reheat temperatures )., and these steam conditions have a net result of producing approximately 600 MW from the steam turbine generator . it contains a combination radiant and convection superheater , a reheater section , and an econo-mizer . this boiler uses natural circulation of water . it also utilizes opposed firing , which creates extreme turbulence and is conducive to operating efficiently at low-NO burners and a selective catalytic reduction ( SCR) system . (REFER TO chap.12.) the unit also incorporates a regenerative air heater ,.
A natural-circulation unit is one in the pumping head is provided by the difference in density between the saturated liquid in the downcomers and the steam-water mixture in the heated risers. A steam drum is required to provide the recirculated saturated liquid to the unheated downcomers and saturated steam to the boiler outlet or to the superheate . for the controlled-circulation unit , the system uses a pump to ensure sufficient pumping heat to obtain the proper cooling of the furnace parts . as with a natural circulation unit , a steam drum is provided to separate the water and the steam ,
A once-through boiler unit is considered to be one that does not use recirculation at full load . such a unit is shown in Fig. 24.4. it has a capacity of approximately 5 mion lb/h of steam at 3800 psig and 1010/1010oF . eighteen pulverizers are required to process the coal for this unit .
In operation , feedwater flows through the economizer and upper partial division walls in the furnace . the heated fluid from these walls is routed through an external downcomer to supply the first enclosure pass in the furnace section . the furnace enclosure is cooled in this manner by several series-connected passed . full mixing of the fluid between these passed is achieved as a means of reducing unbalance ,
After leaving the furnace circuitry , the fluid ( a steam-water mixture ) is heated in the convection pass enclosure and the roof circuit , with partial mixing between the two sections . from the roof circuit outlet , the steam the is routed to the superheaters for final heating to full steam temperature .
The furnace is arranged for opposed firing . pulverized coal mixes with preheated air in the burner zone , where combustion takes places . the flue gas flows upward through the platen and finishing superheaters. The primary superheater and reheater are installed in a parallel-pass arrangement with proportioning damper control of the flue gas flowing over the reheater . the economizer is installed party in one of the parallel passes and party in the section following the rejoining of the parallel passes . flue gases are then directed through two regenerative air heaters to th flue-gas-cleaning equipment and to the stack .
The burning of anthracite coal in the pulverized form creates the need for a unique boiler design because this coal has very low volatile matter and a very low hydrogen content . ( refer to table 4.9 for a typical exemple of an anthracite coal analysis)
The boiler shown in Fig. 2.42 is a double-arch-fired boiler the is designed to fire low-volatile pulverized anthracite coal without the use of a secondary support fuel . these units have been designed to produce steam to a turbine for an electrical output ranging from approximately 50 to 700 MW when burning anthracite with a volatile matter content of 5 to 7 percent . the design shown in Fig. 2.24 produces steam for a 700-MW steam turbine generator , and its design includes six horizontal drum ball mills ( see chap 5). The boiler has 36 burners located on the.
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