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The languages spoken by early Europ

The languages spoken by early Europeans are still shrouded in mystery. There is no linguistic continuity between the languages of Old Europe (a term sometimes used for Europe between 7,000 and 3,000 B.C.) and the languages of the modern world, and we cannot yet translate the Old European script. Scholars have deciphered other ancient languages, such as Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian, which used the cuneiform script, because of the fortuitous discovery of bilingual inscriptions. When cuneiform tablets were first discovered in the 18th century, scholars could not decipher them. Then inscriptions found in Iran at the end of the 18th century provided a link: these inscriptions were written in cuneiform and in two other ancient languages, Old Persian and New Elamite – languages that had already been deciphered. It took several decades, but scholars eventually translated the ancient cuneiform script via the more familiar Old Persian language.
Similarly, the hieroglyphic writing of the Egyptians remained a mystery until French troops unearthed the famous Rosetta stone in the late 18th century. The stone carried the same message written in ancient Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphs, and Egyptian hieratic, a simplified form of hieroglyphs. The Rosetta stone thwarted scholars’ efforts for several decades until the early 19th century when several key hieroglyphic phrases were decoded using the Greek inscriptions. Unfortunately, we have no Old European Rosetta stone to chart correspondences between Old European script and the languages that replaced it.
The incursions of Indo-European tribes into Old Europe from the late 5th to the early 3rd millennia B.C. caused a linguistic and cultural discontinuity. These incursions disrupted the Old European sedentary farming lifestyle that had existed for 3,000 years. As the Indo-Europeans encroached on Old Europe from the east, the continent underwent upheavals. These severely affected the Balkans, where the Old European cultures abundantly employed script. The Old European way of life deteriorated rapidly, although pockets of Old European cultural remained for several millennia. The new peoples spoke completely different languages belonging to the Indo-European linguistic family. The Old European language or languages, and the script used to write them, declined and eventually vanished.

Question 51. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Reason for the failure to understand the written records of Old European culture.
B. Influences on the development of Old European script.
C. Similarities between Old European script and other ancient writing systems.
D. Events leading to the discovery of Old European script.
Question 52. According to the passage, New Elamite is _________.
A. a language that was used in Europe about 3,000 years ago
B. a modern language that came from Old Persian
C. one of the languages spoken by the Old Europeans
D. a language that was understood by the late 18th century
Question 53: When does the passage suggest that ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic script was finally deciphered?
A. At around the same time as cuneiform script was deciphered.
B. Shortly before the Rosetta stone was unearthed.
C. As soon as additional bilingual inscriptions became available to scholars.
D. A few decades after the hieratic script was decoded.
Question 54: According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE of the Rosetta stone?
A. It was found by scholars trying to decode ancient languages.
B. It contains two versions of hieroglyphic script.
C. Several of its inscriptions were decoded within a few months of its discovery.
D. Most of its inscriptions have still not been decoded.
Question 55: According to the passage, scholars were able to decipher cuneiform form with the help of _________.
A. the Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian languages B. Old Persian
C. tablets written in Old European D. languages spoken in 18th century Iran
Question 56: The word “fortuitous” in the 1st paragraph is closest in meaning to _________.
A. important B. immediate C. early D. lucky
Question 57:The word “them” in the 1st paragraph refers to _________.
A. Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian B. bilingual inscriptions
C. cuneiform tablets D. scholars
Question 58: The word “thwarted” in the 2nd paragraph is closest in meaning to _________
A. continued B. influenced C. encouraged D. frustrated
Question 59:According to the passage, Indo-European incursions caused Old European population to ________.
A. separated into different tribes B. move eastward
C. change their ways of living and obtain food D. start recording historical events in writing
Question 60: . The author mentions the Balkans in the passage in order to explain why _________.
A. Indo-European languages were slow to spread in Old Europe
B. the inhabitants of Old Europe were not able to prevent Indo-European incursions
C. the use of the Old European script declined
D. the Old European culture survived for a time after the Indo-European incursions
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Kết quả (Tiếng Indonesia) 1: [Sao chép]
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The languages spoken by early Europeans are still shrouded in mystery. There is no linguistic continuity between the languages of Old Europe (a term sometimes used for Europe between 7,000 and 3,000 B.C.) and the languages of the modern world, and we cannot yet translate the Old European script. Scholars have deciphered other ancient languages, such as Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian, which used the cuneiform script, because of the fortuitous discovery of bilingual inscriptions. When cuneiform tablets were first discovered in the 18th century, scholars could not decipher them. Then inscriptions found in Iran at the end of the 18th century provided a link: these inscriptions were written in cuneiform and in two other ancient languages, Old Persian and New Elamite – languages that had already been deciphered. It took several decades, but scholars eventually translated the ancient cuneiform script via the more familiar Old Persian language.Similarly, the hieroglyphic writing of the Egyptians remained a mystery until French troops unearthed the famous Rosetta stone in the late 18th century. The stone carried the same message written in ancient Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphs, and Egyptian hieratic, a simplified form of hieroglyphs. The Rosetta stone thwarted scholars’ efforts for several decades until the early 19th century when several key hieroglyphic phrases were decoded using the Greek inscriptions. Unfortunately, we have no Old European Rosetta stone to chart correspondences between Old European script and the languages that replaced it.The incursions of Indo-European tribes into Old Europe from the late 5th to the early 3rd millennia B.C. caused a linguistic and cultural discontinuity. These incursions disrupted the Old European sedentary farming lifestyle that had existed for 3,000 years. As the Indo-Europeans encroached on Old Europe from the east, the continent underwent upheavals. These severely affected the Balkans, where the Old European cultures abundantly employed script. The Old European way of life deteriorated rapidly, although pockets of Old European cultural remained for several millennia. The new peoples spoke completely different languages belonging to the Indo-European linguistic family. The Old European language or languages, and the script used to write them, declined and eventually vanished.Question 51. What is the main topic of the passage? A. Reason for the failure to understand the written records of Old European culture. B. Influences on the development of Old European script. C. Similarities between Old European script and other ancient writing systems. D. Events leading to the discovery of Old European script.Question 52. According to the passage, New Elamite is _________. A. a language that was used in Europe about 3,000 years ago B. a modern language that came from Old Persian C. one of the languages spoken by the Old Europeans D. a language that was understood by the late 18th centuryQuestion 53: When does the passage suggest that ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic script was finally deciphered? A. At around the same time as cuneiform script was deciphered. B. Shortly before the Rosetta stone was unearthed. C. As soon as additional bilingual inscriptions became available to scholars. D. A few decades after the hieratic script was decoded.Question 54: According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE of the Rosetta stone? A. It was found by scholars trying to decode ancient languages. B. It contains two versions of hieroglyphic script. C. Several of its inscriptions were decoded within a few months of its discovery. D. Most of its inscriptions have still not been decoded.Question 55: According to the passage, scholars were able to decipher cuneiform form with the help of _________. A. the Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian languages B. Old Persian C. tablets written in Old European D. languages spoken in 18th century IranQuestion 56: The word “fortuitous” in the 1st paragraph is closest in meaning to _________. A. important B. immediate C. early D. luckyQuestion 57:The word “them” in the 1st paragraph refers to _________. A. Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian B. bilingual inscriptions C. cuneiform tablets D. scholarsQuestion 58: The word “thwarted” in the 2nd paragraph is closest in meaning to _________ A. continued B. influenced C. encouraged D. frustratedQuestion 59:According to the passage, Indo-European incursions caused Old European population to ________.
A. separated into different tribes B. move eastward
C. change their ways of living and obtain food D. start recording historical events in writing
Question 60: . The author mentions the Balkans in the passage in order to explain why _________.
A. Indo-European languages were slow to spread in Old Europe
B. the inhabitants of Old Europe were not able to prevent Indo-European incursions
C. the use of the Old European script declined
D. the Old European culture survived for a time after the Indo-European incursions
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Kết quả (Tiếng Indonesia) 2:[Sao chép]
Sao chép!
Bahasa yang dipakai oleh Eropa awal masih diselimuti misteri. Tidak ada kontinuitas linguistik antara bahasa Old Eropa (istilah kadang-kadang digunakan untuk Eropa antara 7000 dan 3000 SM) dan bahasa dunia modern, dan kita belum bisa menerjemahkan naskah Eropa Lama. Para ahli telah diuraikan bahasa kuno lainnya, seperti Sumeria, Akkadia, dan Babilonia, yang digunakan script paku, karena penemuan kebetulan prasasti bilingual. Ketika runcing tablet pertama kali ditemukan pada abad ke-18, para sarjana tidak bisa menguraikan mereka. Kemudian prasasti yang ditemukan di Iran pada akhir abad ke-18 yang disediakan link: prasasti ini ditulis dalam paku dan dalam dua bahasa kuno lainnya, Old Persia dan New Elam - bahasa yang sudah diuraikan. Butuh beberapa dekade, tapi ulama akhirnya diterjemahkan script kuno berbentuk baji melalui bahasa Persia Old lebih akrab.
Demikian pula, tulisan hieroglif dari Mesir tetap menjadi misteri sampai tentara Perancis digali batu Rosetta terkenal di akhir abad ke-18. Batu membawa pesan yang sama ditulis dalam bahasa Yunani kuno, hieroglif Mesir, dan tangan bersambung Mesir, bentuk sederhana dari hieroglif. Rosetta batu digagalkan upaya ulama 'selama beberapa dekade sampai awal abad ke-19 ketika beberapa frase hieroglif kunci yang diterjemahkan menggunakan prasasti Yunani. Sayangnya, kita tidak memiliki Old Eropa Rosetta batu untuk memetakan korespondensi antara naskah Eropa Lama dan bahasa yang menggantinya.
The serangan dari suku Indo-Eropa ke Old Eropa dari 5 akhir ke awal milenium ke-3 SM menyebabkan diskontinuitas linguistik dan budaya. Serangan ini mengganggu Old Eropa gaya hidup pertanian menetap yang telah ada selama 3.000 tahun. Sebagai Indo-Eropa digerogoti Old Eropa dari timur, benua menjalani pergolakan. Ini sangat mempengaruhi Balkan, di mana budaya Eropa Old berlimpah digunakan skrip. Cara Eropa Old hidup memburuk dengan cepat, meskipun kantong Old Eropa budaya tetap selama beberapa ribu tahun. Orang-orang yang baru berbicara bahasa yang sama sekali berbeda milik keluarga linguistik Indo-Eropa. Bahasa Old Eropa atau bahasa, dan script yang digunakan untuk menulis mereka, menolak dan akhirnya menghilang. Pertanyaan 51. Apa topik utama dari bagian ini? A. Alasan kegagalan untuk memahami catatan tertulis dari budaya Eropa Lama. B. Pengaruh pada pengembangan naskah Eropa Lama. C. Kesamaan antara naskah Eropa Lama dan sistem penulisan lainnya kuno. D. Peristiwa yang mengarah ke penemuan naskah Eropa Lama. Pertanyaan 52. Menurut bagian ini, New Elam adalah _________. A. bahasa yang digunakan di Eropa sekitar 3.000 tahun yang lalu B. bahasa modern yang datang dari Old Persia C. salah satu bahasa yang diucapkan oleh orang Eropa Old D. bahasa yang dimengerti oleh akhir abad 18 Pertanyaan 53: Kapan bagian ini menunjukkan bahwa naskah hieroglif Mesir kuno akhirnya diuraikan? A. Pada sekitar waktu yang sama sebagai script runcing itu diuraikan. B. Sesaat sebelum batu Rosetta digali. C. Begitu prasasti bilingual tambahan menjadi tersedia untuk para sarjana. D. Beberapa dekade setelah script tangan bersambung itu diterjemahkan. Pertanyaan 54: Menurut bagian, yang mana dari berikut ini yang BENAR dari batu Rosetta? A. Ditemukan oleh para ahli mencoba untuk memecahkan kode bahasa kuno. B. Ini berisi dua versi script hieroglif. C. Beberapa prasasti yang telah diterjemahkan dalam beberapa bulan penemuannya. D. Sebagian besar prasasti yang masih belum diterjemahkan. Pertanyaan 55: Menurut bagian ini, ulama mampu menguraikan bentuk runcing dengan bantuan _________. A. Sumeria, Akkadia, dan bahasa Babilonia B. Old Persia C. tablet yang ditulis dalam bahasa-bahasa Eropa Old D. diucapkan di abad ke-18 Iran Pertanyaan 56: Kata "kebetulan" di paragraf 1 adalah yang paling dekat dalam arti untuk _________. A. penting B. langsung C. awal D. beruntung Pertanyaan 57:. Kata "mereka" di ayat 1 mengacu _________ A. Sumeria, Akkadia, dan Babilonia B. prasasti bilingual C. runcing tablet D. ulama Pertanyaan 58: Kata "digagalkan" di ayat 2 paling dekat dalam arti untuk _________ A. terus B. dipengaruhi C. didorong D. frustrasi Pertanyaan 59:. Menurut bagian ini, serangan Indo-Eropa yang disebabkan populasi Eropa Lama ________ A. dipisahkan ke dalam berbagai suku B. bergerak ke arah timur C. mengubah cara mereka hidup dan mendapatkan makanan D. mulai merekam peristiwa sejarah dalam menulis Pertanyaan 60:. Penulis menyebutkan Balkan di bagian ini untuk menjelaskan mengapa _________. A. Bahasa Indo-Eropa yang lambat untuk menyebar di Old Eropa B. penduduk Old Eropa tidak mampu mencegah serangan Indo-Eropa C. penggunaan script Eropa Old menurun D. budaya Eropa Old bertahan untuk waktu setelah serangan Indo-Eropa







































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