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B. Main ContentsI. International Ce
B. Main Contents
I. International Celebrations
I.1. New Year’s Day ( January 1st)
1. The history of New Year’s Day Celebration
1.1. Early Roman Calendar: March 1st Rings in the New Year
- The early Roman calendar designated March 1 as the new year. The calendar had just ten months, beginning with March. That the new year once began with the month of March is still reflected in some of the names of the months.
- September through December, our ninth through twelfth months, were originally positioned as the seventh through tenth months (septem is Latin for "seven," octo is "eight," novem is "nine," and decem is "ten."
1.2. January Joins the Calendar:
- The first time the new year was celebrated on January 1st was in Rome in 153 B.C. (In fact, the month of January did not even exist until around 700 B.C., when the second king of Rome, Numa Pontilius, added the months of January and February.)
- The new year was moved from March to January because that was the beginning of the civil year, the month that the two newly elected Roman consuls—the highest officials in the Roman republic—began their one-year tenure. But this new year date was not always strictly and widely observed, and the new year was still sometimes celebrated on March 1.
1.3. Julian Calendar: January 1st Officially Instituted as the New Year
- In 46 B.C. Julius Caesar introduced a new, solar-based calendar that was a vast improvement on the ancient Roman calendar, which was a lunar system that had become wildly inaccurate over the years.
- The Julian calendar decreed that the new year would occur with January 1, and within the Roman world, January 1 became the consistently observed start of the new year.
1.4. Middle Ages: January 1st Abolished
- In medieval Europe, however, the celebrations accompanying the new year were considered pagan and unchristian like, and in 567 the Council of Tours abolished January 1 as the beginning of the year.
- At various times and in various places throughout medieval Christian Europe, the new year was celebrated on Dec. 25, the birth of Jesus; March 1; March 25, the Feast of the Annunciation; and Easter.
1.4. Gregorian Calendar: January 1st Restored
- In 1582, the Gregorian calendar reform restored January 1 as new year's day. Although most Catholic countries adopted the Gregorian calendar almost immediately, it was only gradually adopted among Protestant countries.
- The British, for example, did not adopt the reformed calendar until 1752. Until then, the British Empire —and their American colonies— still celebrated the new year in March.
2. Activities
- New Year is a very exciting event in every country, people all over the world celebrate it in full spring because they have lived for another year and now they have a right to celebrate. The New Year celebration is very special with all the decorations, the countdown and the New Year eve party.
- New Year’s Day is the first day of the year therefore it is a celebration of the old year and the new one to come. People make New Year’s Resolutions each New Year and promise themselves that they will keep this resolution until next year.
- New Year’s Eve is a major social event. Clubs everywhere are packed with party- goers who stay out all night go nuts at midnight.
- Firework is displayed at exactly 12 o’clock in almost every country in the world.
2.1. United States (USA)
New Year celebration in New York is synonymous to Annual Times Square New Year’s Eve Celebration. Manhattan will liven up with a spectacular display of fireworks and confetti as well as the famous ball dropping ceremony.
Brooklyn, United States
Miami Beach, United States
Las Vegas, United States
2.2. United Kingdoms
London, United Kingdom
- Thousands of Londoners cram up along the banks of River Thames and surrounding locations to view one of the most moving fireworks display. Just as Big Ben strikes 12, the skyline is lit with the light show for about 10 minutes. Iconic London Eye rounds up as a perfect backdrop to this dramatic celebration.
2.3. Australia
- Australia is one the countries to welcome the new year warmly, new year celebrations were seen all over the Australia, every city had its own exotic style of celebrating new year. One of the best New Year parties was at the Harbor of lightning Parade, Sydney; a stupendous light work was seen over the harbor at 12:00 am. The pubs, clubs, night clubs were brimmed with celebration and excitement. More than 1.5 million people were present at the farewell party of the year 2012. Melbourne welcomed the new year with the same embrace, the fireworks all over the place was a very creative piece of arts. Pop princess Kylie Minogue played a vital role in making the New Year celebration memorable.
Sydney Habour, Australia
2.4. France
- France has one of the best new year celebrations, in France there are two kinds of fireworks; one is in the sky, the best firework is at the Eiffel tower and choup Elysee, the other firework is of the cars, it is a tradition in France to burn the cars which are not in the working condition, 1193 cars were toasted this year. A New Year feast is the part of the New Year celebration which has some delicious menu so naturally this feast played a prominent part in making the New Year’s Eve perfect.
2.5. Germany
- Berlin, the capital of beauty hosts one of Europe’s largest open air parties on New Year’s Eve between Brandenburg Gate and the Victory Column. Over one million people await the beginning of a new year with breath-taking fireworks.
Brandenburg Gate, Berlin
2.6. Russia
- Moscow welcomes the New Year with midnight fireworks in Red Square set across spectacular background of the Kremlin, Lenin’s Mausoleum, Saint Basil´s Cathedral and the Kazan Cathedral.
Red Square, Moscow
2.7. Brazil
- The carouse for paying a farewell to the old year is very mesmerizing at Brazil, the fire work is simply breath-taking, and the sky is completely brimming with so many different colors as if a new form of rainbow has been invented. Brazil has the custom of wearing white on the New Year Eve to bring good luck for the coming year and most of the people wore white. People drink, dance at different beats and welcome the New Year with open heart.
The best rejoice for the New Year was in 2012 At the Copacabana beach in Rio de Janeiro, 2.5 million peoples were present there and second best was in the city Sau Paulo at the Paulosta Avenue where over a million people were present.
I.2. Easter Day
- Easter, which celebrates Jesus Christ’s resurrection from the dead, is Christianity’s most important holiday. It has been called a moveable feast because it doesn’t fall on a set date every year, as most holidays do. Instead, Christian churches in the West celebrate Easter on the first Sunday following the full moon after the vernal equinox on March 21. Therefore, Easter is observed anywhere between March 22 and April 25 every year. Orthodox Christians use the Julian calendar to calculate when Easter will occur and typically celebrate the holiday a week or two after the Western churches, which follow the Gregorian calendar.
Eastern Orthodox Christian icon depicting theHarrowing of Hell or Descent into Hades
1. Origins
- The exact origins of this religious feast day’s name are unknown. Some sources claim the word Easter is derived from Eostre, a Teutonic goddess of spring and fertility. Other accounts trace Easter to the Latin term hebdomadal alba, or white week, an ancient reference to Easter week and the white clothing donned by people who were baptized during that time.
- Through a translation error, the term later appeared as esostarum in Old High German, which eventually became Easter in English. In Spanish, Easter is known as Pascua; in French, Paques. These words are derived from the Greek and Latin Pascha or Pasch, for Passover. Jesus’ crucifixion and resurrection occurred after he went to Jerusalem to celebrate Passover (or Pesach in Hebrew), the Jewish festival commemorating the ancient Israelites’ exodus from slavery in Egypt. Pascha eventually came to mean Easter.
2. Customs
- The tradition of new clothes for Easter dates back to pagan times. According to A Treasury of American Superstitions, by Claudia De Lys, “It was considered discourteous and therefore bad luck to greet the Scandinavian goddess of Spring, or Eastre, in anything but fresh garb.”
- Throughout the English-speaking world, many Easter traditions are similar with only minor differences. For example, Saturday is traditionally spent decorating Easter eggs and hunting for them with children on Sunday morning, by which time they have been mysteriously hidden all over the house and garden.
Colorful Easter eggs in basket
- Other traditions involve parents telling their children that eggs and other treats such as chocolate eggs or rabbits, and marshmallow chicks (Peeps), have been delivered by the Easter Bunny in an Easter basket, which children find waiting for them when they wake up.
Peeps bunnies in an Easter basket
The Easter Bunny (also called the Easter Rabbit or Easter Hare) is a folkloric figure and symbol of Easter, depicted as a leporid bringing Easte eggs. Originating among German Lutherans, the 'Easter Hare' originally played the role of a judge, evaluating whether children were good or disobedient in behaviour at the start of the season of Eastertide. The Easter Bunny is sometimes depicted with clothes.
Many families observe the religious aspects of Easter by attending Sunday Mass or services in the morning and then participating in a feast or party in the afternoon.
- Some families have a traditional Sunday roast, often of either roast lamb or ham. Easter breads such as Simnel cake, a fruit cake with eleven marzipan balls representing the eleven faithful apostles, or nut breads such as potica are traditionally served.
Sunday roast is a traditional British and Irish main meal that is
I. International Celebrations
I.1. New Year’s Day ( January 1st)
1. The history of New Year’s Day Celebration
1.1. Early Roman Calendar: March 1st Rings in the New Year
- The early Roman calendar designated March 1 as the new year. The calendar had just ten months, beginning with March. That the new year once began with the month of March is still reflected in some of the names of the months.
- September through December, our ninth through twelfth months, were originally positioned as the seventh through tenth months (septem is Latin for "seven," octo is "eight," novem is "nine," and decem is "ten."
1.2. January Joins the Calendar:
- The first time the new year was celebrated on January 1st was in Rome in 153 B.C. (In fact, the month of January did not even exist until around 700 B.C., when the second king of Rome, Numa Pontilius, added the months of January and February.)
- The new year was moved from March to January because that was the beginning of the civil year, the month that the two newly elected Roman consuls—the highest officials in the Roman republic—began their one-year tenure. But this new year date was not always strictly and widely observed, and the new year was still sometimes celebrated on March 1.
1.3. Julian Calendar: January 1st Officially Instituted as the New Year
- In 46 B.C. Julius Caesar introduced a new, solar-based calendar that was a vast improvement on the ancient Roman calendar, which was a lunar system that had become wildly inaccurate over the years.
- The Julian calendar decreed that the new year would occur with January 1, and within the Roman world, January 1 became the consistently observed start of the new year.
1.4. Middle Ages: January 1st Abolished
- In medieval Europe, however, the celebrations accompanying the new year were considered pagan and unchristian like, and in 567 the Council of Tours abolished January 1 as the beginning of the year.
- At various times and in various places throughout medieval Christian Europe, the new year was celebrated on Dec. 25, the birth of Jesus; March 1; March 25, the Feast of the Annunciation; and Easter.
1.4. Gregorian Calendar: January 1st Restored
- In 1582, the Gregorian calendar reform restored January 1 as new year's day. Although most Catholic countries adopted the Gregorian calendar almost immediately, it was only gradually adopted among Protestant countries.
- The British, for example, did not adopt the reformed calendar until 1752. Until then, the British Empire —and their American colonies— still celebrated the new year in March.
2. Activities
- New Year is a very exciting event in every country, people all over the world celebrate it in full spring because they have lived for another year and now they have a right to celebrate. The New Year celebration is very special with all the decorations, the countdown and the New Year eve party.
- New Year’s Day is the first day of the year therefore it is a celebration of the old year and the new one to come. People make New Year’s Resolutions each New Year and promise themselves that they will keep this resolution until next year.
- New Year’s Eve is a major social event. Clubs everywhere are packed with party- goers who stay out all night go nuts at midnight.
- Firework is displayed at exactly 12 o’clock in almost every country in the world.
2.1. United States (USA)
New Year celebration in New York is synonymous to Annual Times Square New Year’s Eve Celebration. Manhattan will liven up with a spectacular display of fireworks and confetti as well as the famous ball dropping ceremony.
Brooklyn, United States
Miami Beach, United States
Las Vegas, United States
2.2. United Kingdoms
London, United Kingdom
- Thousands of Londoners cram up along the banks of River Thames and surrounding locations to view one of the most moving fireworks display. Just as Big Ben strikes 12, the skyline is lit with the light show for about 10 minutes. Iconic London Eye rounds up as a perfect backdrop to this dramatic celebration.
2.3. Australia
- Australia is one the countries to welcome the new year warmly, new year celebrations were seen all over the Australia, every city had its own exotic style of celebrating new year. One of the best New Year parties was at the Harbor of lightning Parade, Sydney; a stupendous light work was seen over the harbor at 12:00 am. The pubs, clubs, night clubs were brimmed with celebration and excitement. More than 1.5 million people were present at the farewell party of the year 2012. Melbourne welcomed the new year with the same embrace, the fireworks all over the place was a very creative piece of arts. Pop princess Kylie Minogue played a vital role in making the New Year celebration memorable.
Sydney Habour, Australia
2.4. France
- France has one of the best new year celebrations, in France there are two kinds of fireworks; one is in the sky, the best firework is at the Eiffel tower and choup Elysee, the other firework is of the cars, it is a tradition in France to burn the cars which are not in the working condition, 1193 cars were toasted this year. A New Year feast is the part of the New Year celebration which has some delicious menu so naturally this feast played a prominent part in making the New Year’s Eve perfect.
2.5. Germany
- Berlin, the capital of beauty hosts one of Europe’s largest open air parties on New Year’s Eve between Brandenburg Gate and the Victory Column. Over one million people await the beginning of a new year with breath-taking fireworks.
Brandenburg Gate, Berlin
2.6. Russia
- Moscow welcomes the New Year with midnight fireworks in Red Square set across spectacular background of the Kremlin, Lenin’s Mausoleum, Saint Basil´s Cathedral and the Kazan Cathedral.
Red Square, Moscow
2.7. Brazil
- The carouse for paying a farewell to the old year is very mesmerizing at Brazil, the fire work is simply breath-taking, and the sky is completely brimming with so many different colors as if a new form of rainbow has been invented. Brazil has the custom of wearing white on the New Year Eve to bring good luck for the coming year and most of the people wore white. People drink, dance at different beats and welcome the New Year with open heart.
The best rejoice for the New Year was in 2012 At the Copacabana beach in Rio de Janeiro, 2.5 million peoples were present there and second best was in the city Sau Paulo at the Paulosta Avenue where over a million people were present.
I.2. Easter Day
- Easter, which celebrates Jesus Christ’s resurrection from the dead, is Christianity’s most important holiday. It has been called a moveable feast because it doesn’t fall on a set date every year, as most holidays do. Instead, Christian churches in the West celebrate Easter on the first Sunday following the full moon after the vernal equinox on March 21. Therefore, Easter is observed anywhere between March 22 and April 25 every year. Orthodox Christians use the Julian calendar to calculate when Easter will occur and typically celebrate the holiday a week or two after the Western churches, which follow the Gregorian calendar.
Eastern Orthodox Christian icon depicting theHarrowing of Hell or Descent into Hades
1. Origins
- The exact origins of this religious feast day’s name are unknown. Some sources claim the word Easter is derived from Eostre, a Teutonic goddess of spring and fertility. Other accounts trace Easter to the Latin term hebdomadal alba, or white week, an ancient reference to Easter week and the white clothing donned by people who were baptized during that time.
- Through a translation error, the term later appeared as esostarum in Old High German, which eventually became Easter in English. In Spanish, Easter is known as Pascua; in French, Paques. These words are derived from the Greek and Latin Pascha or Pasch, for Passover. Jesus’ crucifixion and resurrection occurred after he went to Jerusalem to celebrate Passover (or Pesach in Hebrew), the Jewish festival commemorating the ancient Israelites’ exodus from slavery in Egypt. Pascha eventually came to mean Easter.
2. Customs
- The tradition of new clothes for Easter dates back to pagan times. According to A Treasury of American Superstitions, by Claudia De Lys, “It was considered discourteous and therefore bad luck to greet the Scandinavian goddess of Spring, or Eastre, in anything but fresh garb.”
- Throughout the English-speaking world, many Easter traditions are similar with only minor differences. For example, Saturday is traditionally spent decorating Easter eggs and hunting for them with children on Sunday morning, by which time they have been mysteriously hidden all over the house and garden.
Colorful Easter eggs in basket
- Other traditions involve parents telling their children that eggs and other treats such as chocolate eggs or rabbits, and marshmallow chicks (Peeps), have been delivered by the Easter Bunny in an Easter basket, which children find waiting for them when they wake up.
Peeps bunnies in an Easter basket
The Easter Bunny (also called the Easter Rabbit or Easter Hare) is a folkloric figure and symbol of Easter, depicted as a leporid bringing Easte eggs. Originating among German Lutherans, the 'Easter Hare' originally played the role of a judge, evaluating whether children were good or disobedient in behaviour at the start of the season of Eastertide. The Easter Bunny is sometimes depicted with clothes.
Many families observe the religious aspects of Easter by attending Sunday Mass or services in the morning and then participating in a feast or party in the afternoon.
- Some families have a traditional Sunday roast, often of either roast lamb or ham. Easter breads such as Simnel cake, a fruit cake with eleven marzipan balls representing the eleven faithful apostles, or nut breads such as potica are traditionally served.
Sunday roast is a traditional British and Irish main meal that is
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B. chính nội dungI. quốc tế lễ kỷ niệmI.1. New Year's Day (ngày 1)1. lịch sử của lễ kỷ niệm ngày Tết1.1. lịch La mã đầu: 01 tháng 3 nhẫn trong năm mới-Lịch La mã đầu định 1 tháng 3 năm mới. Lịch đã chỉ mười tháng, bắt đầu với tháng ba. Năm mới một lần bắt đầu với tháng của Tháng ba vẫn được phản ánh trong một số tên gọi các tháng. -Tháng chín qua tháng mười hai, chúng tôi thứ chín qua tháng thứ mười hai, đã được ban đầu được vị trí như là lần thứ bảy qua tháng mười (septem là tiếng Latin cho "bảy," octo "tám," novem là "chín", và decem là "mười."1.2. tháng tham gia lịch: -Lần đầu tiên năm mới được tổ chức vào ngày 01 tháng 1 là ở Roma vào năm 153 TCN (trong thực tế, tháng của tháng Giêng không thậm chí tồn tại cho đến khoảng 700 TCN, khi vị vua thứ hai của Rome, Numa Pontilius, thêm vào những tháng của tháng Giêng và tháng hai.) -Năm mới đã được dời từ tháng ba đến tháng vì đó là sự khởi đầu của năm dân sự, tháng hai vừa được bầu làm chấp chính quan La mã-các quan chức cao nhất tại cộng hòa La Mã-bắt đầu của nhiệm kỳ một năm. Nhưng ngày này năm mới không luôn luôn nghiêm ngặt và rộng rãi quan sát, và năm mới vẫn còn đôi khi tổ chức kỷ niệm ngày 1 tháng 3.1.3. lịch Julian: 1 tháng 1 chính thức thành lập là năm mới-Năm 46 TCN Julius Caesar giới thiệu một lịch mới, dựa trên năng lượng mặt trời là một cải tiến lớn trên lịch La Mã cổ đại, mà là một hệ thống âm lịch mà đã trở thành wildly không chính xác trong những năm qua. -Lịch Julian quyết định rằng năm mới có thể xảy ra với 1 tháng 1, và trong thế giới La Mã, 1 tháng 1 trở thành bắt đầu quan sát một cách nhất quán của năm mới.1.4. thời Trung cổ: bãi bỏ 1 tháng 1-Ở châu Âu thời Trung cổ, Tuy nhiên, Lễ kỷ niệm đi kèm với năm mới được coi là pagan và đạo như, và trong 567 hội đồng du lịch bãi bỏ ngày 1 tháng 1 là sự khởi đầu của năm.-Lúc nhiều lần và ở nhiều nơi trên khắp châu Âu Trung cổ Christian, năm mới được tổ chức vào ngày 25 tháng 12, sự ra đời của Chúa Giêsu; 1 tháng 3; 25 Tháng ba, Lễ Thánh Bổn Mạng của Annunciation; và phục sinh.1.4. Gregory: 1 tháng 1 khôi phục-Năm 1582, cải cách Gregory được 1 ngày như new year's day. Mặc dù đặt công giáo quốc gia thông qua Gregory gần như ngay lập tức, nó chỉ dần dần đã được thông qua giữa các quốc gia tin lành. -Người Anh, ví dụ, không sử dụng lịch cải cách cho đến 1752. Cho đến lúc đó, Đế quốc Anh — và thuộc địa Mỹ của họ — vẫn tổ chức kỷ niệm năm mới trong tháng ba.2. hoạt động-Năm mới là một sự kiện rất thú vị trong mỗi quốc gia, người dân khắp nơi trên thế giới kỷ niệm nó vào mùa xuân đầy đủ bởi vì họ đã sống cho một năm và bây giờ họ có quyền để ăn mừng. Những kỷ niệm năm mới là rất đặc biệt với tất cả các đồ trang trí, đếm ngược và năm mới eve Đảng.-New Year's Day là ngày đầu tiên của năm do đó nó là một kỷ niệm của năm cũ và người mới tới. Người thực hiện nghị quyết năm mới mỗi năm mới và hứa hẹn bản thân mình rằng họ sẽ giữ độ phân giải này cho tới năm sau.-New Year's Eve là một sự kiện xã hội lớn. Các câu lạc bộ ở khắp mọi nơi được đóng gói với bên khán giả những người ở lại trong suốt đêm đi hạt lúc nửa đêm. -Bắn pháo hoa được hiển thị ở chính xác 12 giờ trong gần như mọi quốc gia trên thế giới.2.1. Hoa Kỳ (Mỹ) Lễ kỷ niệm năm mới ở New York là đồng nghĩa với lễ kỷ niệm hàng năm của Times Square New Year's Eve. Manhattan sẽ liven lên với một màn hình ngoạn mục của pháo hoa và confetti cũng như nổi tiếng bóng thả lễ. Brooklyn, Hoa Kỳ Miami Beach, Mỹ Las Vegas, Mỹ2.2. Vương Quốc London, Vương Quốc Anh-Hàng ngàn London cram lên dọc theo bờ sông Thames và địa điểm xung quanh để xem một trong các pháo hoa đặt chuyển động hiển thị. Cũng giống như đồng hồ Big Ben cuộc đình công 12, đường chân trời được thắp sáng với ánh sáng Hiển thị trong khoảng 10 phút. Giao lộ Piccadilly Circus biểu tượng viên đạn như là một bối cảnh hoàn hảo cho lễ kỷ niệm này đáng kể.2.3. Úc -Úc là một quốc gia để đón năm mới nồng nhiệt, Lễ kỷ niệm năm mới đã được thấy trên khắp Úc, mỗi thành phố có phong cách riêng của nó kỳ lạ của kỷ niệm năm mới. Một trong các bên tốt nhất năm mới là cảng sét Parade, Sydney; một công việc kỳ diệu của ánh sáng nhìn thấy trên bến cảng lúc 00:00. Các quán rượu, câu lạc bộ, câu lạc bộ đêm hơn với lễ kỷ niệm và hứng thú. Hơn 1,5 triệu người đã có mặt tại bữa tiệc chia tay của năm 2012. Melbourne chào đón năm mới với cùng một ôm hôn, pháo hoa trên tất cả nơi là một mảnh rất sáng tạo của nghệ thuật. Bật công chúa Kylie Minogue đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong việc đưa ra Lễ kỷ niệm năm mới đáng nhớ. Cảng Sydney, Úc2.4. nước Pháp-Pháp có một trong những lễ kỷ niệm năm mới tốt nhất, ở nước Pháp có hai loại pháo hoa; một là trên bầu trời, bắn pháo hoa tốt nhất là tại các tháp Eiffel và choup Elysee, pháo hoa khác là của những chiếc xe, nó là một truyền thống ở Pháp để đốt cháy những chiếc xe mà không phải là trong điều kiện làm việc, 1193 xe được nướng năm nay. Một bữa tiệc năm mới là một phần của lễ kỷ niệm năm mới mà có một số thực đơn ngon như vậy, tự nhiên bữa cơm này góp phần nổi bật trong việc đưa ra New Year's Eve hoàn hảo. 2.5. Đức-Berlin, thủ đô của vẻ đẹp chủ một trong châu Âu lớn nhất ngoài trời bên trên New Year's Eve giữa Brandenburg Gate và cột chiến thắng. Hơn một triệu người đang chờ đợi sự khởi đầu của một năm mới với hơi thở-chụp pháo hoa. Cổng Brandenburg, Béc-lin2.6. liên bang Nga-Moscow chào đón năm mới với pháo hoa nửa đêm tại quảng trường đỏ thiết lập trên nền ngoạn mục của điện Kremlin, Lăng Lenin, Saint Basil´s nhà thờ và nhà thờ lớn Kazan. Quảng trường đỏ, Moscow2.7. Bra-xin-Carouse để trả tiền chia tay một năm cũ là rất mê tại Brazil, việc cháy là chỉ đơn giản là hơi thở-chụp, và bầu trời hoàn toàn tràn ngập với rất nhiều màu sắc khác nhau như thể một hình thức mới của cầu vồng đã được phát minh ra. Brazil có các tùy chỉnh mặc trắng vào đêm trước năm mới để mang lại may mắn cho năm tới và hầu hết những người mặc trắng. Mọi người uống, khiêu vũ tại nhịp đập khác nhau và chào đón năm mới với trái tim rộng mở. Tốt nhất vui mừng cho năm mới đã là vào năm 2012 tại Copacabana beach ở Rio de Janeiro, 2,5 triệu dân là hiện nay có và thứ hai tốt nhất là trong thành phố Sau Paulo lúc Avenue Paulosta, nơi mà hơn một triệu người đã có mặt.I.2. ngày lễ phục sinh -Phục sinh, kỷ niệm sự phục sinh của Chúa Kitô Chúa Giêsu từ cõi chết, là ngày lễ quan trọng nhất của Kitô giáo. Nó đã được gọi là một bữa cơm di chuyển vì nó không rơi vào một ngày đặt hàng năm, như hầu hết các ngày lễ. Thay vào đó, các nhà thờ Thiên Chúa giáo ở phương Tây ăn mừng phục sinh ngày chủ nhật đầu tiên sau khi trăng tròn sau xuân phân ngày 21 tháng 3. Do đó, Lễ phục sinh quan sát bất cứ nơi nào từ ngày 22 đến ngày 25 tháng 4 hàng năm. Thiên Chúa giáo chính thống sử dụng lịch Julian để tính toán khi phục sinh sẽ xảy ra và thường tổ chức các kỳ nghỉ một tuần hoặc hai sau khi nhà thờ phía tây, nó theo dõi Gregory. Đông biểu tượng Thiên Chúa giáo chính thống miêu tả theHarrowing của địa ngục hoặc gốc vào Hades1. nguồn gốc-Nguồn gốc chính xác của ngày lễ tôn giáo này tên là chưa biết. Một số nguồn tuyên bố từ phục sinh có nguồn gốc từ Eostre, một nữ thần Teutonic của mùa xuân và khả năng sinh sản. Các tài khoản khác theo dõi phục sinh để thuật ngữ tiếng Latinh hebdomadal alba, hoặc trắng tuần, một tài liệu tham khảo cổ để phục sinh tuần và quần áo trắng mặc bởi những người đã được rửa tội trong thời gian đó. -Thông qua một lỗi dịch thuật, thuật ngữ sau đó xuất hiện như là esostarum trong tiếng Anh, mà cuối cùng đã trở thành Lễ phục sinh bằng tiếng Anh. Tiếng Tây Ban Nha, phục sinh được gọi là Pascua; bằng tiếng Pháp, Paques. Những từ này có nguồn gốc từ tiếng Hy Lạp và tiếng Latin Pascha hoặc Pasch, cho Lễ vượt qua. Chúa Giêsu Chúa bị đóng đinh và phục sinh xảy ra sau khi ông đã đi đến Jerusalem để chào mừng Lễ vượt qua (hoặc Pesach trong tiếng Do Thái), người Do Thái lễ hội kỷ niệm cuộc di cư cổ Israelites từ chế độ nô lệ ở Ai Cập. Pascha cuối cùng đến để có nghĩa là phục sinh.2. Hải quan-Truyền thống của các quần áo mới cho Lễ phục sinh có từ thời ngoại giáo. Theo A kho bạc của Mỹ mê tín dị đoan, bởi Claudia De Lys, "nó được coi là vô lể và do đó xấu may mắn để chào đón Scandinavia của nữ thần mùa xuân, hoặc Eastre, trong cái tươi garb."-Trên khắp thế giới nói tiếng Anh, nhiều phục sinh truyền thống là tương tự với những khác biệt nhỏ chỉ. Ví dụ, thứ bảy theo truyền thống được chi trang trí trứng Phục sinh và săn bắn cho chúng con vào buổi sáng chủ nhật, lúc mà họ có được bí ẩn giấu trong nhà và Sân vườn. Đầy màu sắc phục sinh trứng trong giỏ-Truyền thống khác liên quan đến cha mẹ nói cho con cái của họ rằng trứng và khác xử lý như sô cô la trứng hoặc thỏ và marshmallow gà (Peeps), đã được chuyển giao bởi chú thỏ Phục sinh trong một giỏ phục sinh, mà trẻ em tìm thấy chờ đợi cho họ khi họ thức dậy. Peeps thỏ trong một giỏ phục sinh Chú thỏ Phục sinh (tiếng Anh thường gọi là thỏ Phục sinh hoặc phục sinh Hare) là một folkloric con số và các biểu tượng của Lễ phục sinh, được mô tả như là một leporid mang chủ trứng. Bắt nguồn từ trong tiếng Đức Lutherans, thỏ Phục sinh của' ban đầu được chơi vai trò của một thẩm phán, đánh giá xem trẻ em đã được tốt hay ngô nghịch hành vi bắt đầu mùa giải Eastertide. Chú thỏ Phục sinh đôi khi được mô tả với quần áo.Nhiều gia đình quan sát các khía cạnh tôn giáo của Lễ phục sinh bởi tham dự Thánh Lễ chủ nhật hoặc dịch vụ vào buổi sáng và sau đó tham gia vào một bữa cơm hoặc bên vào buổi chiều. -Một số gia đình có một truyền thống chủ nhật rang, thường xuyên của rang thịt cừu hoặc ham. Phục sinh các bánh mì như Simnel bánh, một bánh trái cây với mười một bánh hạnh nhân quả bóng đại diện cho các tông đồ mười một trung thành, hoặc nut bánh mì như potica được theo truyền thống phục vụ. Chủ Nhật rang là một truyền thống Anh và Ailen bữa ăn chính đó là
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B. Main Contents
I. International Celebrations
I.1. New Year’s Day ( January 1st)
1. The history of New Year’s Day Celebration
1.1. Early Roman Calendar: March 1st Rings in the New Year
- The early Roman calendar designated March 1 as the new year. The calendar had just ten months, beginning with March. That the new year once began with the month of March is still reflected in some of the names of the months.
- September through December, our ninth through twelfth months, were originally positioned as the seventh through tenth months (septem is Latin for "seven," octo is "eight," novem is "nine," and decem is "ten."
1.2. January Joins the Calendar:
- The first time the new year was celebrated on January 1st was in Rome in 153 B.C. (In fact, the month of January did not even exist until around 700 B.C., when the second king of Rome, Numa Pontilius, added the months of January and February.)
- The new year was moved from March to January because that was the beginning of the civil year, the month that the two newly elected Roman consuls—the highest officials in the Roman republic—began their one-year tenure. But this new year date was not always strictly and widely observed, and the new year was still sometimes celebrated on March 1.
1.3. Julian Calendar: January 1st Officially Instituted as the New Year
- In 46 B.C. Julius Caesar introduced a new, solar-based calendar that was a vast improvement on the ancient Roman calendar, which was a lunar system that had become wildly inaccurate over the years.
- The Julian calendar decreed that the new year would occur with January 1, and within the Roman world, January 1 became the consistently observed start of the new year.
1.4. Middle Ages: January 1st Abolished
- In medieval Europe, however, the celebrations accompanying the new year were considered pagan and unchristian like, and in 567 the Council of Tours abolished January 1 as the beginning of the year.
- At various times and in various places throughout medieval Christian Europe, the new year was celebrated on Dec. 25, the birth of Jesus; March 1; March 25, the Feast of the Annunciation; and Easter.
1.4. Gregorian Calendar: January 1st Restored
- In 1582, the Gregorian calendar reform restored January 1 as new year's day. Although most Catholic countries adopted the Gregorian calendar almost immediately, it was only gradually adopted among Protestant countries.
- The British, for example, did not adopt the reformed calendar until 1752. Until then, the British Empire —and their American colonies— still celebrated the new year in March.
2. Activities
- New Year is a very exciting event in every country, people all over the world celebrate it in full spring because they have lived for another year and now they have a right to celebrate. The New Year celebration is very special with all the decorations, the countdown and the New Year eve party.
- New Year’s Day is the first day of the year therefore it is a celebration of the old year and the new one to come. People make New Year’s Resolutions each New Year and promise themselves that they will keep this resolution until next year.
- New Year’s Eve is a major social event. Clubs everywhere are packed with party- goers who stay out all night go nuts at midnight.
- Firework is displayed at exactly 12 o’clock in almost every country in the world.
2.1. United States (USA)
New Year celebration in New York is synonymous to Annual Times Square New Year’s Eve Celebration. Manhattan will liven up with a spectacular display of fireworks and confetti as well as the famous ball dropping ceremony.
Brooklyn, United States
Miami Beach, United States
Las Vegas, United States
2.2. United Kingdoms
London, United Kingdom
- Thousands of Londoners cram up along the banks of River Thames and surrounding locations to view one of the most moving fireworks display. Just as Big Ben strikes 12, the skyline is lit with the light show for about 10 minutes. Iconic London Eye rounds up as a perfect backdrop to this dramatic celebration.
2.3. Australia
- Australia is one the countries to welcome the new year warmly, new year celebrations were seen all over the Australia, every city had its own exotic style of celebrating new year. One of the best New Year parties was at the Harbor of lightning Parade, Sydney; a stupendous light work was seen over the harbor at 12:00 am. The pubs, clubs, night clubs were brimmed with celebration and excitement. More than 1.5 million people were present at the farewell party of the year 2012. Melbourne welcomed the new year with the same embrace, the fireworks all over the place was a very creative piece of arts. Pop princess Kylie Minogue played a vital role in making the New Year celebration memorable.
Sydney Habour, Australia
2.4. France
- France has one of the best new year celebrations, in France there are two kinds of fireworks; one is in the sky, the best firework is at the Eiffel tower and choup Elysee, the other firework is of the cars, it is a tradition in France to burn the cars which are not in the working condition, 1193 cars were toasted this year. A New Year feast is the part of the New Year celebration which has some delicious menu so naturally this feast played a prominent part in making the New Year’s Eve perfect.
2.5. Germany
- Berlin, the capital of beauty hosts one of Europe’s largest open air parties on New Year’s Eve between Brandenburg Gate and the Victory Column. Over one million people await the beginning of a new year with breath-taking fireworks.
Brandenburg Gate, Berlin
2.6. Russia
- Moscow welcomes the New Year with midnight fireworks in Red Square set across spectacular background of the Kremlin, Lenin’s Mausoleum, Saint Basil´s Cathedral and the Kazan Cathedral.
Red Square, Moscow
2.7. Brazil
- The carouse for paying a farewell to the old year is very mesmerizing at Brazil, the fire work is simply breath-taking, and the sky is completely brimming with so many different colors as if a new form of rainbow has been invented. Brazil has the custom of wearing white on the New Year Eve to bring good luck for the coming year and most of the people wore white. People drink, dance at different beats and welcome the New Year with open heart.
The best rejoice for the New Year was in 2012 At the Copacabana beach in Rio de Janeiro, 2.5 million peoples were present there and second best was in the city Sau Paulo at the Paulosta Avenue where over a million people were present.
I.2. Easter Day
- Easter, which celebrates Jesus Christ’s resurrection from the dead, is Christianity’s most important holiday. It has been called a moveable feast because it doesn’t fall on a set date every year, as most holidays do. Instead, Christian churches in the West celebrate Easter on the first Sunday following the full moon after the vernal equinox on March 21. Therefore, Easter is observed anywhere between March 22 and April 25 every year. Orthodox Christians use the Julian calendar to calculate when Easter will occur and typically celebrate the holiday a week or two after the Western churches, which follow the Gregorian calendar.
Eastern Orthodox Christian icon depicting theHarrowing of Hell or Descent into Hades
1. Origins
- The exact origins of this religious feast day’s name are unknown. Some sources claim the word Easter is derived from Eostre, a Teutonic goddess of spring and fertility. Other accounts trace Easter to the Latin term hebdomadal alba, or white week, an ancient reference to Easter week and the white clothing donned by people who were baptized during that time.
- Through a translation error, the term later appeared as esostarum in Old High German, which eventually became Easter in English. In Spanish, Easter is known as Pascua; in French, Paques. These words are derived from the Greek and Latin Pascha or Pasch, for Passover. Jesus’ crucifixion and resurrection occurred after he went to Jerusalem to celebrate Passover (or Pesach in Hebrew), the Jewish festival commemorating the ancient Israelites’ exodus from slavery in Egypt. Pascha eventually came to mean Easter.
2. Customs
- The tradition of new clothes for Easter dates back to pagan times. According to A Treasury of American Superstitions, by Claudia De Lys, “It was considered discourteous and therefore bad luck to greet the Scandinavian goddess of Spring, or Eastre, in anything but fresh garb.”
- Throughout the English-speaking world, many Easter traditions are similar with only minor differences. For example, Saturday is traditionally spent decorating Easter eggs and hunting for them with children on Sunday morning, by which time they have been mysteriously hidden all over the house and garden.
Colorful Easter eggs in basket
- Other traditions involve parents telling their children that eggs and other treats such as chocolate eggs or rabbits, and marshmallow chicks (Peeps), have been delivered by the Easter Bunny in an Easter basket, which children find waiting for them when they wake up.
Peeps bunnies in an Easter basket
The Easter Bunny (also called the Easter Rabbit or Easter Hare) is a folkloric figure and symbol of Easter, depicted as a leporid bringing Easte eggs. Originating among German Lutherans, the 'Easter Hare' originally played the role of a judge, evaluating whether children were good or disobedient in behaviour at the start of the season of Eastertide. The Easter Bunny is sometimes depicted with clothes.
Many families observe the religious aspects of Easter by attending Sunday Mass or services in the morning and then participating in a feast or party in the afternoon.
- Some families have a traditional Sunday roast, often of either roast lamb or ham. Easter breads such as Simnel cake, a fruit cake with eleven marzipan balls representing the eleven faithful apostles, or nut breads such as potica are traditionally served.
Sunday roast is a traditional British and Irish main meal that is
I. International Celebrations
I.1. New Year’s Day ( January 1st)
1. The history of New Year’s Day Celebration
1.1. Early Roman Calendar: March 1st Rings in the New Year
- The early Roman calendar designated March 1 as the new year. The calendar had just ten months, beginning with March. That the new year once began with the month of March is still reflected in some of the names of the months.
- September through December, our ninth through twelfth months, were originally positioned as the seventh through tenth months (septem is Latin for "seven," octo is "eight," novem is "nine," and decem is "ten."
1.2. January Joins the Calendar:
- The first time the new year was celebrated on January 1st was in Rome in 153 B.C. (In fact, the month of January did not even exist until around 700 B.C., when the second king of Rome, Numa Pontilius, added the months of January and February.)
- The new year was moved from March to January because that was the beginning of the civil year, the month that the two newly elected Roman consuls—the highest officials in the Roman republic—began their one-year tenure. But this new year date was not always strictly and widely observed, and the new year was still sometimes celebrated on March 1.
1.3. Julian Calendar: January 1st Officially Instituted as the New Year
- In 46 B.C. Julius Caesar introduced a new, solar-based calendar that was a vast improvement on the ancient Roman calendar, which was a lunar system that had become wildly inaccurate over the years.
- The Julian calendar decreed that the new year would occur with January 1, and within the Roman world, January 1 became the consistently observed start of the new year.
1.4. Middle Ages: January 1st Abolished
- In medieval Europe, however, the celebrations accompanying the new year were considered pagan and unchristian like, and in 567 the Council of Tours abolished January 1 as the beginning of the year.
- At various times and in various places throughout medieval Christian Europe, the new year was celebrated on Dec. 25, the birth of Jesus; March 1; March 25, the Feast of the Annunciation; and Easter.
1.4. Gregorian Calendar: January 1st Restored
- In 1582, the Gregorian calendar reform restored January 1 as new year's day. Although most Catholic countries adopted the Gregorian calendar almost immediately, it was only gradually adopted among Protestant countries.
- The British, for example, did not adopt the reformed calendar until 1752. Until then, the British Empire —and their American colonies— still celebrated the new year in March.
2. Activities
- New Year is a very exciting event in every country, people all over the world celebrate it in full spring because they have lived for another year and now they have a right to celebrate. The New Year celebration is very special with all the decorations, the countdown and the New Year eve party.
- New Year’s Day is the first day of the year therefore it is a celebration of the old year and the new one to come. People make New Year’s Resolutions each New Year and promise themselves that they will keep this resolution until next year.
- New Year’s Eve is a major social event. Clubs everywhere are packed with party- goers who stay out all night go nuts at midnight.
- Firework is displayed at exactly 12 o’clock in almost every country in the world.
2.1. United States (USA)
New Year celebration in New York is synonymous to Annual Times Square New Year’s Eve Celebration. Manhattan will liven up with a spectacular display of fireworks and confetti as well as the famous ball dropping ceremony.
Brooklyn, United States
Miami Beach, United States
Las Vegas, United States
2.2. United Kingdoms
London, United Kingdom
- Thousands of Londoners cram up along the banks of River Thames and surrounding locations to view one of the most moving fireworks display. Just as Big Ben strikes 12, the skyline is lit with the light show for about 10 minutes. Iconic London Eye rounds up as a perfect backdrop to this dramatic celebration.
2.3. Australia
- Australia is one the countries to welcome the new year warmly, new year celebrations were seen all over the Australia, every city had its own exotic style of celebrating new year. One of the best New Year parties was at the Harbor of lightning Parade, Sydney; a stupendous light work was seen over the harbor at 12:00 am. The pubs, clubs, night clubs were brimmed with celebration and excitement. More than 1.5 million people were present at the farewell party of the year 2012. Melbourne welcomed the new year with the same embrace, the fireworks all over the place was a very creative piece of arts. Pop princess Kylie Minogue played a vital role in making the New Year celebration memorable.
Sydney Habour, Australia
2.4. France
- France has one of the best new year celebrations, in France there are two kinds of fireworks; one is in the sky, the best firework is at the Eiffel tower and choup Elysee, the other firework is of the cars, it is a tradition in France to burn the cars which are not in the working condition, 1193 cars were toasted this year. A New Year feast is the part of the New Year celebration which has some delicious menu so naturally this feast played a prominent part in making the New Year’s Eve perfect.
2.5. Germany
- Berlin, the capital of beauty hosts one of Europe’s largest open air parties on New Year’s Eve between Brandenburg Gate and the Victory Column. Over one million people await the beginning of a new year with breath-taking fireworks.
Brandenburg Gate, Berlin
2.6. Russia
- Moscow welcomes the New Year with midnight fireworks in Red Square set across spectacular background of the Kremlin, Lenin’s Mausoleum, Saint Basil´s Cathedral and the Kazan Cathedral.
Red Square, Moscow
2.7. Brazil
- The carouse for paying a farewell to the old year is very mesmerizing at Brazil, the fire work is simply breath-taking, and the sky is completely brimming with so many different colors as if a new form of rainbow has been invented. Brazil has the custom of wearing white on the New Year Eve to bring good luck for the coming year and most of the people wore white. People drink, dance at different beats and welcome the New Year with open heart.
The best rejoice for the New Year was in 2012 At the Copacabana beach in Rio de Janeiro, 2.5 million peoples were present there and second best was in the city Sau Paulo at the Paulosta Avenue where over a million people were present.
I.2. Easter Day
- Easter, which celebrates Jesus Christ’s resurrection from the dead, is Christianity’s most important holiday. It has been called a moveable feast because it doesn’t fall on a set date every year, as most holidays do. Instead, Christian churches in the West celebrate Easter on the first Sunday following the full moon after the vernal equinox on March 21. Therefore, Easter is observed anywhere between March 22 and April 25 every year. Orthodox Christians use the Julian calendar to calculate when Easter will occur and typically celebrate the holiday a week or two after the Western churches, which follow the Gregorian calendar.
Eastern Orthodox Christian icon depicting theHarrowing of Hell or Descent into Hades
1. Origins
- The exact origins of this religious feast day’s name are unknown. Some sources claim the word Easter is derived from Eostre, a Teutonic goddess of spring and fertility. Other accounts trace Easter to the Latin term hebdomadal alba, or white week, an ancient reference to Easter week and the white clothing donned by people who were baptized during that time.
- Through a translation error, the term later appeared as esostarum in Old High German, which eventually became Easter in English. In Spanish, Easter is known as Pascua; in French, Paques. These words are derived from the Greek and Latin Pascha or Pasch, for Passover. Jesus’ crucifixion and resurrection occurred after he went to Jerusalem to celebrate Passover (or Pesach in Hebrew), the Jewish festival commemorating the ancient Israelites’ exodus from slavery in Egypt. Pascha eventually came to mean Easter.
2. Customs
- The tradition of new clothes for Easter dates back to pagan times. According to A Treasury of American Superstitions, by Claudia De Lys, “It was considered discourteous and therefore bad luck to greet the Scandinavian goddess of Spring, or Eastre, in anything but fresh garb.”
- Throughout the English-speaking world, many Easter traditions are similar with only minor differences. For example, Saturday is traditionally spent decorating Easter eggs and hunting for them with children on Sunday morning, by which time they have been mysteriously hidden all over the house and garden.
Colorful Easter eggs in basket
- Other traditions involve parents telling their children that eggs and other treats such as chocolate eggs or rabbits, and marshmallow chicks (Peeps), have been delivered by the Easter Bunny in an Easter basket, which children find waiting for them when they wake up.
Peeps bunnies in an Easter basket
The Easter Bunny (also called the Easter Rabbit or Easter Hare) is a folkloric figure and symbol of Easter, depicted as a leporid bringing Easte eggs. Originating among German Lutherans, the 'Easter Hare' originally played the role of a judge, evaluating whether children were good or disobedient in behaviour at the start of the season of Eastertide. The Easter Bunny is sometimes depicted with clothes.
Many families observe the religious aspects of Easter by attending Sunday Mass or services in the morning and then participating in a feast or party in the afternoon.
- Some families have a traditional Sunday roast, often of either roast lamb or ham. Easter breads such as Simnel cake, a fruit cake with eleven marzipan balls representing the eleven faithful apostles, or nut breads such as potica are traditionally served.
Sunday roast is a traditional British and Irish main meal that is
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