Health economic evaluations are conducted to inform health careresource allocation decisions. Economic evaluation has beendefined as ‘‘the comparative analysis of alternative courses ofaction in terms of both their costs and their consequences’’ [1].All economic evaluations assess costs, but approaches to measuringand valuing the consequences of health interventions maydiffer (Box 1). Economic evaluations have been widely applied inhealth policy, including the assessment of prevention programs(such as vaccination, screening, and health promotion), diagnostics,treatment interventions (such as drugs and surgical procedures),organization of care, and rehabilitation.
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