The deeply ingrained need to chew on things is also found among infants.Growing infants are provided with teething rings and similar objects in orderto give them something to satisfy their need for biting and chewing. If thebaby is not given something on which it can chew, it will usually satisfy itsneed to chew on items such as the post of its crib, father’s best slipper, or theexpensive toy given by a doting grandmother.Szczesniak and Kahn (1971) conducted in-depth interviews with homemakersand found that texture awareness in the United States is often apparentat a subconscious level and that it is taken more or less for granted; however,when the textural aspects did not come up to expectations, there was a sharpincrease in the awareness of the texture and criticism of the textural deficiencies.The authors state thatIf the texture of a food is the way people have learned to expect it to be, and if it is psychologicallyand physiologically acceptable, then it will scarcely be noticed. If, however, the textureis not as it is expected to be … it becomes a focal point for criticism and rejection of the food.Care must be taken not to underestimate the importance of texture just because it is taken forgranted when all is as it should be.In a widely cited study, Schutz and Wahl (1981) obtained 420 valid returnsfrom a mail ballot to a random group of people living in Sacramento,California, asking them to distribute 10 points on a constant sum scale amongthe characteristics of appearance, flavor and texture according to the attributes’
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