This study presents empirical evidence of the effect of bank capital structure andliquidity on profitability using Nigerian data for the period 1980-2006 studied.The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the auto-regressivedistributed lag (ADL) model. Specifically, the study applied data on an OLSmethodology that incorporated unit root tests for stationarity and cointegration. We find a positive influence of cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio andcorporate income tax; and a negative influence of bank credits to the domesticeconomy, savings deposit rate, gross national savings (proxy for deposits withthe central bank), balances with the central bank, inflation rate and foreignprivate investments, on banking system profits. We equally observe that liquidityratio leads banks’ profits in Nigeria, closely followed by balances with the centralbank and then, gross national savings and foreign private investments, followedsuit in that order. We therefore recommend a drastic reduction in balances withcentral bank, liquidity ratio and cash reserve ratio profiles by the monetaryauthorities to enable banks create adequate credits and release more moneyinto circulation for effective financial intermediation to occur; ensure effectiveand efficient management of bank liquidity by banks to moderate levels so as tooptimize profitability, and curb perennial unethical banking practices such asdirectly engaging in trading, importation and exportation of goods, and otherspeculative deals, instead of lending to the domestic economy.
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