DollarizationAnother solution to the problems created by a lack of transparency and commitment to the exchange-rate larget is dollarization, the adoption of a sound currency, like the U.S. dollar, as a country's money. Indeed, dollarization is just another variant of a fixedGlobal : Argentina’s Currency BoardArgentina has had a long history of monetary instability, with inflation rates fluctuating dramatically and sometimes surging to beyond 1,000% per year. To end this cycle of inflationary surges, Argentina decided to adopt a currencyboard in April 1991. The Argentine currency board Worked as follows. Under Argentina's convertibility law, the peso'dollar exchange rate was fixed at one to one, and a member of the public could go to the Argentine central bank and exchange a peso for a dollar, or vice versa, at any time. The early years of Argentina's currency board looked stunningly successful inflation, which had been running at an 800% annual rate in 1990, fell to less than 5% by the end of 1994, and economic growth was rapid, averaging almost 8% per year from 1991 to 1994. In the aftermath of the Mexican peso crisis, however, concern about the health of the Argenline economy resulted in the public pulling money out of the banks (deposits sell by 18%) and exchanging pesos for dollars, thus causing a contraction of the Argentine money supply. The result was a sharp drop in Argentine economic activity, with real GDP shrinking by more than 5% in 1995 and the unemployment rate jumping above 15%. Only in 1996 did the economy begin to recover. Because the centralbank of Argentina had no control over monetary policy under the currency board system, it was relatively helpless to counteract the contractionary monetary policy stemming from the publics behavior. Furthermore, because the currency board did not allow the central bank to create pesos and lend them to the banks, it had very little capability to act as a lender of last resort. With help from international agencies, such as the IMF the World Bank, and the Interamerican Development Bank, which lent Argentina more than $5 billion in 1995 to help shore up its banking system, the currencyboard survived.
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