Tax morale and tax compliance are important factors for guaranteeing an adequate provision of public goods. Especially in times when the costs of running public office have strongly increased, governments search for strategies to generate revenues. A high degree of tax evasion creates misallocations in resource use (see Alm and Martinez-Vazquez 2001). In developing countries tax evasion is often widespread (see, e.g., de Soto 2000). Such a high level of tax evasion reduces government’s ability to work and thus to provide adequate services. Over the last decades, developing countries as, e.g., in Latin America have made considerable efforts to implement major reforms in tax policies and to improve the effectiveness of their tax administrations:“These efforts frequently took place under unfavourable macroeconomic circumstances. Tax administrators often had to cope with a barrage of tax reforms, interspersed with numerous ad hoc changes in tax rates, exemptions, and payment periods introduced largely for revenue reasons” (Casanegra de Jantscher and Bird 1995, pp. 1-2).In general, the empirical evidence in the tax compliance literature is rare. Pyle (1993) points out in a survey: The solution should lie in the results of empirical studies. Alas, the current harvest of such studies is remarkably thin (p. 73)
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