Since the 1990s, the perceived failure of integrated conservationdevelopmentprojects to reduce resource degradation has prompted a rethinking of conservationstrategies. PES has emerged as an alternative approach that appears to have severalattractive features: cost-effectiveness and administrative simplicity (Ferraro and Simpson2002); reduced reliance on government budgets, which usually place low priority on conservation;the potential for reducing poverty, if low-income households are the service suppliersand hence the payment recipients; incentives for buyers to confirm that programs areworkingas intended (i.e., supplying them with the services they have paid for); and greater politicalfeasibility than command-and-control approaches (e.g., bans on deforestation). Legitimacyhas also been conferred by the increasing popularity of PES in developed countries, such asthe U.S. Conservation Reserve Program, and, in developing countries, by the introductionof similar payment programs aimed at achieving other policy goals, such as regular schoolattendance or early childhood health care.
đang được dịch, vui lòng đợi..
