31100:26:51,994 --> 00:26:56,909The

311
00:26:51,994 --> 00:26:56,909
The German Government is of the opinion
that we must decide what is to be done

312
00:26:56,994 --> 00:27:01,704
Whatever we decide we may always be certain
that we will find Germany at our side

313
00:27:01,794 --> 00:27:05,104
a faithful ally and friend of our monarchy

314
00:27:11,794 --> 00:27:17,505
Germany's crucial decision to back Austria
was made with no care for the consequences.

315
00:27:17,594 --> 00:27:21,667
Neither the Kaiser nor his senior political
and military leaders took any steps to find out

316
00:27:21,754 --> 00:27:24,871
what Austria-Hungary had in mind.

317
00:27:24,954 --> 00:27:26,910
It was an extraordinary oversight...

318
00:27:28,114 --> 00:27:31,743
..because nothing in the Balkans
happened in isolation.

319
00:27:35,274 --> 00:27:38,630
Europe was divided into two camps.

320
00:27:38,714 --> 00:27:42,024
On one side were Germany,
Austria-Hungary and Italy.

321
00:27:43,394 --> 00:27:45,544
On the other were France and Russia.

322
00:27:47,434 --> 00:27:49,789
War with one could mean war with the others.

323
00:27:51,914 --> 00:27:57,307
No-one knew how Russia would respond if one
of the leading Balkan countries was attacked.

324
00:27:57,394 --> 00:28:00,943
She might go to war with Austria
to protect Serbia.

325
00:28:01,034 --> 00:28:03,992
Then Germany would have to fight
to protect Austria.

326
00:28:07,354 --> 00:28:11,142
(General conversation)

327
00:28:11,234 --> 00:28:14,226
The Germans thought
the Russians might stay out of it.

328
00:28:14,314 --> 00:28:17,067
The German Ambassador
in St Petersburg insisted

329
00:28:17,154 --> 00:28:20,430
Russia couldn't risk war
for fear of internal revolution.

330
00:28:22,474 --> 00:28:26,945
The German Foreign Minister decided
Austria would quietly settle with Serbia.

331
00:28:29,354 --> 00:28:33,393
The German Chancellor, Bethmann-Hollweg,
was almost as confident.

332
00:28:33,474 --> 00:28:37,228
The crime of Sarajevo was reprehensible

333
00:28:37,314 --> 00:28:39,589
But politically it would have the positive result

334
00:28:39,674 --> 00:28:43,064
of making Russia
thoroughly digusted with the Serbs

335
00:28:49,234 --> 00:28:52,943
It was Germany's confident support
that pushed Austria forward.

336
00:28:54,994 --> 00:28:57,872
But far from plunging the world into war
out of aggression,

337
00:28:57,954 --> 00:29:03,347
Germany was just nudging it closer,
out of incompetence and wishful thinking.

338
00:29:06,154 --> 00:29:09,703
The Kaiser was so sure no war was brewing
that he went on holiday.

339
00:29:15,234 --> 00:29:18,670
In Sarajevo,
the trial of Gavrilo Princip was underway.

340
00:29:19,794 --> 00:29:24,231
The court heard plenty of evidence to prove
that Serbian army officers had helped him,

341
00:29:24,314 --> 00:29:27,943
and with Germany's unconditional support,
that was enough for Austria.

342
00:29:29,034 --> 00:29:32,185
She sentenced Princip to 20 years in jail,

343
00:29:32,274 --> 00:29:34,469
where he died in 1918.

344
00:29:34,554 --> 00:29:36,510
She sent Serbia an ultimatum.

345
00:29:42,394 --> 00:29:45,545
This document was Austria's excuse for war.

346
00:29:45,634 --> 00:29:50,503
It was filled with demands so extreme and
insulting that Serbia could never accept them.

347
00:29:51,874 --> 00:29:56,584
But just in case they did,
the Austrian Ambassador in Belgrade

348
00:29:56,674 --> 00:29:59,347
was ordered to reject any reply
as unacceptable.

349
00:30:01,554 --> 00:30:06,150
He delivered the ultimatum
at 6pm on 23 July 1914.

350
00:30:09,794 --> 00:30:12,911
Slavka Mihajlovic was a Belgrade doctor.

351
00:30:12,994 --> 00:30:15,633
The news of the ultimatum spread quickly

352
00:30:15,714 --> 00:30:18,308
and soon there was a real alert

353
00:30:18,394 --> 00:30:22,148
Streets and bars
were crowded with anxious people

354
00:30:22,234 --> 00:30:25,544
Everybody wondered
what answer our Government would give

355
00:30:25,634 --> 00:30:27,670
whether a new war would be avoided

356
00:30:34,074 --> 00:30:38,386
Austria's ultimatum
caught the world's diplomats napping.

357
00:30:38,474 --> 00:30:41,227
The French Government
the French press and public opinion

358
00:30:41,314 --> 00:30:43,908
have been inconceivably surprised

359
00:30:45,074 --> 00:30:47,190
Paris is almost dead

360
00:30:47,274 --> 00:30:50,425
All the ambassadors but one are out of town

361
00:30:50,514 --> 00:30:52,664
The Italian Ambassador is in Ireland

362
00:30:57,474 --> 00:31:02,229
The Kaiser was on his yacht in Norway
when the text of the Austrian ultimatum arrived.

363
00:31:05,554 --> 00:31:08,830
The Kaiser arrived on deck
as usual after breakfast

364
00:31:08,914 --> 00:31:13,544
and said to me -
I was still holing the wirelss message

365
00:31:13,634 --> 00:31:16,194
''That's a pretty strong note for once in a while''

366
00:31:16,274 --> 00:31:19,903
''It certainly is'' I replied ''but it means war''

367
00:31:19,994 --> 00:31:24,590
Whereupon the Kaiser observed
that Serbia would never risk a war

368
00:31:26,914 --> 00:31:30,031
She might not have risked it on her own.

369
00:31:30,114 --> 00:31:35,950
But on 24 July, the Serbian Regent,
Prince Alexander, telegrammed Russia for help.

370
00:31:38,674 --> 00:31:42,792
In St Petersburg, the Russian Foreign Minister
spoke frankly to the British Ambassador.

371
00:31:42,874 --> 00:31:48,744
Austria would not have acted so aggressively
without the consent of Germany

372
00:31:48,834 --> 00:31:53,589
I hoped the Britih Government would declare
itself on the side of France and Russia

373
00:31:53,674 --> 00:31:55,710
without delay

374
00:31:57,914 --> 00:32:01,623
Russia was convinced
that Germany was warmongering.

375
00:32:01,714 --> 00:32:04,786
On 26 July, she called up her reserves.

376
00:32:08,474 --> 00:32:11,113
This was the second key stage of the crisis,

377
00:32:11,194 --> 00:32:15,710
as Britain's Foreign Secretary,
Edward Grey, warned on the 28th.

378
00:32:15,794 --> 00:32:19,787
From the moment the dispute ceases
to be one between Austria-Hungary and Serbia

379
00:32:19,874 --> 00:32:23,503
and becomes one
in which another Great Power is involved

380
00:32:23,594 --> 00:32:28,588
it cannot but end in the greatest catastrophe
that has ever befallen the continent of Europe

381
00:32:30,714 --> 00:32:33,706
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
that same day.

382
00:32:37,194 --> 00:32:39,788
The first shots of the war were fired from here,

383
00:32:39,874 --> 00:32:44,152
the Austrian fortress of Zemun ,
just across the river from Belgrade.

384
00:32:46,794 --> 00:32:51,424
In the dead of night, Voja Tankosic had
the Black Hand blow the only railway bridge.

385
00:32:53,674 --> 00:32:58,031
Windows shattered to smithereens
and broken glass covered the floor

386
00:32:58,794 --> 00:33:00,910
Patients started screaming

387
00:33:00,994 --> 00:33:04,669
Then there was another explosion
and another one

388
00:33:07,354 --> 00:33:09,584
(Cannon fire)

389
00:33:09,674 --> 00:33:10,902
So it was true

390
00:33:10,994 --> 00:33:13,554
The war had begun

391
00:33:24,354 --> 00:33:27,790
How well our old city deserved the name
the Turks had given her

392
00:33:27,874 --> 00:33:29,910
the House of Wars

393
00:33:29,994 --> 00:33:32,713
Shells fired from all sides
were cris-crossing above her

394
00:33:34,954 --> 00:33:37,070
The Austrians had peculiar weapons

395
00:33:37,154 --> 00:33:39,748
the so-called ''monitors''

396
00:33:39,834 --> 00:33:43,270
little boats armed with heavy guns
circling Belgrade like rabid dogs

397
00:33:43,354 --> 00:33:45,310
and firing from every direction

398
00:33:45,394 --> 00:33:47,146
(Gunfire)

399
00:33:48,354 --> 00:33:51,710
It was still only a war
between Austria-Hungary and Serbia...

400
00:33:52,914 --> 00:33:56,543
..and on 29 July, as the shells fell on Belgrade,

401
00:33:56,634 --> 00:33:59,068
there was a final attempt to keep it that way.

402
00:34:00,274 --> 00:34:03,903
A series of last-minute telegrams
flashed across Europe.

403
00:34:03,994 --> 00:34:07,031
Tsar to Kaiser. Cousin to cousin.

404
00:34:07,114 --> 00:34:11,107
Dear Willy An ignoble war
has been declared on a weak country

405
00:34:11,194 --> 00:34:13,230
The indignation in Russia is enormous

406
00:34:13,314 --> 00:34:16,431
Dear Nicky I am exerting my utmost influence
on the Austrians

407
00:34:16,514 --> 00:34:18,266
I confidently hope you will help me

408
00:34:18,354 --> 00:34:22,586
Dear Willy
My troops shall not take any provocative action

409
00:34:23,754 --> 00:34:27,827
But by now, the crisis was beyond the control
of monarchs or politicians.

410
00:34:29,394 --> 00:34:31,589
It was in the hands of the military.

411
00:34:31,674 --> 00:34:33,949
From the moment Russia mobilised her army,

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

31100:26:51,994 --> 00:26:56,909The German Government is of the opinionthat we must decide what is to be done31200:26:56,994 --> 00:27:01,704Whatever we decide we may always be certainthat we will find Germany at our side31300:27:01,794 --> 00:27:05,104a faithful ally and friend of our monarchy31400:27:11,794 --> 00:27:17,505Germany's crucial decision to back Austriawas made with no care for the consequences.31500:27:17,594 --> 00:27:21,667Neither the Kaiser nor his senior politicaland military leaders took any steps to find out31600:27:21,754 --> 00:27:24,871what Austria-Hungary had in mind.31700:27:24,954 --> 00:27:26,910It was an extraordinary oversight...31800:27:28,114 --> 00:27:31,743..because nothing in the Balkanshappened in isolation.31900:27:35,274 --> 00:27:38,630Europe was divided into two camps.32000:27:38,714 --> 00:27:42,024On one side were Germany,Austria-Hungary and Italy.32100:27:43,394 --> 00:27:45,544On the other were France and Russia.32200:27:47,434 --> 00:27:49,789War with one could mean war with the others.32300:27:51,914 --> 00:27:57,307No-one knew how Russia would respond if oneof the leading Balkan countries was attacked.32400:27:57,394 --> 00:28:00,943She might go to war with Austriato protect Serbia.32500:28:01,034 --> 00:28:03,992Then Germany would have to fightto protect Austria.32600:28:07,354 --> 00:28:11,142(General conversation)32700:28:11,234 --> 00:28:14,226The Germans thoughtthe Russians might stay out of it.32800:28:14,314 --> 00:28:17,067The German Ambassadorin St Petersburg insisted32900:28:17,154 --> 00:28:20,430Russia couldn't risk warfor fear of internal revolution.33000:28:22,474 --> 00:28:26,945The German Foreign Minister decidedAustria would quietly settle with Serbia.33100:28:29,354 --> 00:28:33,393The German Chancellor, Bethmann-Hollweg,was almost as confident.33200:28:33,474 --> 00:28:37,228The crime of Sarajevo was reprehensible33300:28:37,314 --> 00:28:39,589But politically it would have the positive result33400:28:39,674 --> 00:28:43,064of making Russiathoroughly digusted with the Serbs33500:28:49,234 --> 00:28:52,943It was Germany's confident supportthat pushed Austria forward.33600:28:54,994 --> 00:28:57,872But far from plunging the world into warout of aggression,33700:28:57,954 --> 00:29:03,347Germany was just nudging it closer,out of incompetence and wishful thinking.33800:29:06,154 --> 00:29:09,703The Kaiser was so sure no war was brewingthat he went on holiday.33900:29:15,234 --> 00:29:18,670In Sarajevo,the trial of Gavrilo Princip was underway.34000:29:19,794 --> 00:29:24,231The court heard plenty of evidence to provethat Serbian army officers had helped him,34100:29:24,314 --> 00:29:27,943and with Germany's unconditional support,đó cũng là đủ cho áo.34200:29:29, 034--> 00:29:32, 185Cô kết án Princip 20 năm trong tù,34300:29:32, 274--> 00:29:34, 469nơi ông qua đời vào năm 1918.34400:29:34, 554--> 00:29:36, 510Cô đã gửi Serbia một tối hậu thư.34500:29:42, 394--> 00:29:45, 545Tài liệu này là lý do gì của áo cho chiến tranh.34600:29:45, 634--> 00:29:50, 503Nó đã được lấp đầy với nhu cầu để cùng cực vàxúc phạm Serbia có thể không bao giờ chấp nhận chúng.34700:29:51, 874--> 00:29:56, 584Nhưng chỉ trong trường hợp họ đã làm,Đại sứ áo tại Belgrade34800:29:56, 674--> 00:29:59, 347được đặt hàng để từ chối trả lời bất kỳlà không thể chấp nhận.34900:30:01, 554--> 00:30:06, 150Ông đã có tối hậu thưlúc 06: 00 ngày 23 tháng 7 năm 1914.35000:30:09, 794--> 00:30:12, 911Slavka Mihajlovic là một bác sĩ Belgrade.35100:30:12, 994--> 00:30:15, 633Tin tức tối hậu thư lây lan nhanh chóng35200:30:15, 714--> 00:30:18, 308và sớm có là một cảnh báo thực tế35300:30:18, 394--> 00:30:22, 148Đường phố và các quán Barđã được đông đúc với những người lo lắng35400:30:22, 234--> 00:30:25, 544Tất cả mọi người tự hỏinhững gì trả lời chính phủ của chúng tôi sẽ cung cấp cho35500:30:25, 634--> 00:30:27, 670cho dù một cuộc chiến tranh mới đã được tránh được35600:30:34, 074--> 00:30:38, 386Tối hậu thư của áobắt nhà ngoại giao của thế giới ngủ trưa.35700:30:38, 474--> 00:30:41, 227Chính phủ Phápbáo chí Pháp và ý kiến công chúng35800:30:41, 314--> 00:30:43, 908đã ngạc nhiên khi thấy inconceivably35900:30:45, 074--> 00:30:47, 190Paris là gần như chết36000:30:47, 274--> 00:30:50, 425Tất cả các đại sứ nhưng một ra khỏi thị trấn36100:30:50, 514--> 00:30:52, 664Đại sứ ý là ở Ai-Len36200:30:57, 474--> 00:31:02, 229Kaiser là trên du thuyền của ông tại Na UyKhi các văn bản của áo tối hậu thư đến.36300:31:05, 554--> 00:31:08, 830Kaiser đến boongnhư bình thường sau khi ăn sáng36400:31:08, 914--> 00:31:13, 544và nói với tôi -Tôi vẫn còn holing tin nhắn wirelss36500:31:13, 634--> 00:31:16, 194"Đó là một lưu ý khá mạnh mẽ cho một lần trong một thời gian ''36600:31:16, 274--> 00:31:19, 903'' Nó chắc chắn là '' tôi trả lời '' nhưng nó có nghĩa là chiến tranh ''36700:31:19, 994--> 00:31:24, 590Và rồi Kaiser quan sátSerbia sẽ không bao giờ có nguy cơ một cuộc chiến tranh36800:31:26, 914--> 00:31:30, 031Cô có thể không có nguy cơ nó ngày của riêng mình.36900:31:30, 114--> 00:31:35, 950Nhưng ngày 24 tháng 7, nhiếp chính SerbiaHoàng tử Alexander, telegrammed Nga để được giúp đỡ.37000:31:38, 674--> 00:31:42, 792Tại St Petersburg, bộ trưởng ngoại giao Nganói thẳng thắn với đại sứ Anh.37100:31:42, 874--> 00:31:48, 744Áo nào không có hành động như vậy tích cựcmà không có sự đồng ý của Đức37200:31:48, 834--> 00:31:53, 589Tôi hy vọng các chính phủ Britih xin tuyên bốchính nó ở mặt bên của Pháp và Nga37300:31:53, 674--> 00:31:55, 710không chậm trễ37400:31:57, 914--> 00:32:01, 623Nga đã thuyết phụcrằng Đức đã hiếu.37500:32:01, 714--> 00:32:04, 786Ngày 26 tháng 7, cô gọi là lập dự trữ của mình.37600:32:08, 474--> 00:32:11, 113Đây là giai đoạn quan trọng thứ hai của cuộc khủng hoảng,37700:32:11, 194--> 00:32:15, 710thư ký nước ngoài của Anh,Edward Grey, cảnh báo ngày 28.37800:32:15, 794--> 00:32:19, 787Từ thời điểm này các tranh chấp không cònlà một trong những giữa Austria-Hungary và Serbia37900:32:19, 874--> 00:32:23, 503và trở thành mộttrong đó một cường quốc là có liên quan38000:32:23, 594--> 00:32:28, 588nó có thể không nhưng kết thúc trong thảm họa lớn nhấtcó bao giờ đã befallen lục địa châu Âu38100:32:30, 714--> 00:32:33, 706Austria-Hungary tuyên bố chiến tranh Serbiacùng ngày hôm đó.38200:32:37, 194--> 00:32:39, 788Bức ảnh đầu tiên của chiến tranh đã được bắn từ đây,38300:32:39, 874--> 00:32:44, 152pháo đài Zemun, Áongay phía bên kia sông từ Belgrade.38400:32:46, 794--> 00:32:51, 424Trong Dead của đêm, Voja Tankosic cóBlack Hand thổi cầu đường sắt duy nhất.38500:32:53, 674--> 00:32:58, 031Windows tan vỡ để mảnh vụnvà tấm kính đáy18t00:32:58, 794--> 00:33:00, 910Bệnh nhân bắt đầu la hét38700:33:00, 994--> 00:33:04, 669Sau đó đã có một vụ nổvà một số khác38800:33:07, 354--> 00:33:09, 584(Pháo lửa)38900:33:09, 674--> 00:33:10, 902Do đó, nó là sự thật39000:33:10, 994--> 00:33:13, 554Chiến tranh đã bắt đầu39100:33:24, 354--> 00:33:27, 790Tốt như thế nào thành phố cũ của chúng tôi xứng đáng tênngười Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ đã cho cô ấy39200:33:27, 874--> 00:33:29, 910ngôi nhà của cuộc chiến tranh39300:33:29, 994--> 00:33:32, 713Quả đạn pháo bắn từ mọi phíađược cris qua ở trên cô ấy39400:33:34, 954--> 00:33:37, 070Những người Áo đã đặc biệt vũ khí39500:33:37, 154--> 00:33:39, 748cái gọi là '' màn hình ''19t00:33:39, 834--> 00:33:43, 270ít tàu trang bị pháo hạng nặngQuanh Belgrade như con chó dư tợn39700:33:43, 354--> 00:33:45, 310và bắn từ mọi hướng39800:33:45, 394--> 00:33:47, 146(Tiếng súng)39900:33:48, 354--> 00:33:51, 710Nó đã là vẫn chỉ là một cuộc chiến tranhgiữa Austria-Hungary và Serbia...40000:33:52, 914--> 00:33:56, 543.. và ngày 29 tháng 7, như các lớp vỏ sụp đổ trên Belgrade,40100:33:56, 634--> 00:33:59, 068đó là một nỗ lực cuối cùng để giữ nó như vậy.40200:34:00, 274--> 00:34:03, 903Một loạt các điện tín phút cuốinhảy trên khắp châu Âu.40300:34:03, 994--> 00:34:07, 031Sa hoàng để Kaiser. Người Anh em họ với người Anh em họ.40400:34:07, 114--> 00:34:11, 107Thân mến Willy một cuộc chiến tranh ignobleđã được công bố trên một đất nước yếu40500:34:11, 194--> 00:34:13, 230Indignation ở Nga là rất lớn40600:34:13, 314--> 00:34:16, 431Thân mến Nicky tôi exerting của tôi ảnh hưởng tối đatrên các người Áo40700:34:16, 514--> 00:34:18, 266Tôi tự tin hy vọng bạn sẽ giúp tôi40800:34:18, 354--> 00:34:22, 586Thân mến WillyQuân đội của tôi sẽ không thực hiện bất kỳ hành động khiêu khích40900:34:23, 754--> 00:34:27, 827Nhưng bây giờ, cuộc khủng hoảng đã vượt ra ngoài sự kiểm soátvua hay chính trị gia.41000:34:29, 394--> 00:34:31, 589Đó là trong tay của quân đội.41100:34:31, 674--> 00:34:33, 949Từ thời Nga huy động việc truy lục quân của mình,