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Heat Treatment Of Steel Terminology

Below are some common heat treating terminology as used by individuals in the steel industry. These terms are not being used in a specification and no specific temperatures are identified.

Aging: Describes a time–temperature-dependent change in the properties of certain alloys. Except for strain aging and age softening, it is the result of precipitation from a solid solution of one or more compounds whose solubility decreases with decreasing temperature. For each alloy susceptible to aging, there is a unique range of time–temperature combinations to which it will respond.

Annealing: A term denoting a treatment, consisting of heating to and holding at a suitable temperature followed by cooling at a suitable rate, used primarily to soften but also to simultaneously produce desired changes in other properties or in microstructure. The purpose of such changes may be, but is not confined to, improvement of machinability; facilitation of cold working; improvement of mechanical or electrical properties; or increase in stability of dimensions. The time–temperature cycles used vary widely both in maximum temperature attained and in cooling rate employed, depending on the composition of the material, its condition, and the results desired.

Bright Annealing: Annealing in a protective medium to prevent discoloration of the bright surface.

Cycle Annealing: An annealing process employing a predetermined and closely controlled time–temperature cycle to produce specific properties or microstructure.

Flame Annealing: Annealing in which the heat is applied directly by a flame.

Full Annealing: Austenitizing and then cooling at a rate such that the hardness of the product approaches a minimum.

Graphitizing: Annealing in such a way that some or all of the carbon is precipitated as graphite.

Intermediate Annealing: Annealing at one or more stages during manufacture and before final thermal treatment.

Isothermal Annealing: Austenitizing and then cooling to and holding at a temperature at which austenite transforms to a relatively soft ferrite-carbide aggregate.

Process Annealing: An imprecise term used to denote various treatments that improve workability.

Quench Annealing: Annealing an austenitic alloy by Solution Heat Treatment.

Spheroidizing: Heating and cooling in a cycle designed to produce a spheroidal or globular form of carbide.

Austempering: Quenching from a temperature above the transformation range, in a medium having a rate of heat abstraction high enough to prevent the formation of high temperature transformation products, and then holding the alloy, until transformation is complete, at a temperature below that of pearlite formation and above that of martensite formation.

Austenitizing: Forming austenite by heating into the transformation range (partial austenitizing) or above the transformation range (complete austenitizing). When used without qualification, the term implies complete austenitizing.

Bluing: A treatment of the surface of iron-base alloys, usually in the form of sheet or strip, on which, by the action of air or steam at a suitable temperature, a thin blue oxide film is formed on the initially scale-free surface, as a means of improving appearance and resistance to corrosion. This term is also used to denote a heat treatment of springs after fabrication, to reduce the internal stress created by coiling and forming.

Carbon Potential: A measure of the ability of an environment containing active carbon to alter or maintain, under prescribed conditions, the carbon content of the steel exposed to it. In any particular environment, the carbon level attained will depend on such factors as temperature, time, and steel composition.

Carbon Restoration: Replacing the carbon lost in the surface layer from previous processing by carburizing this layer to substantially the original carbon level.

Carbonitriding: A case-hardening process in which a suitable ferrous material is heated above the lower transformation temperature in a gaseous atmosphere of such composition as to cause simultaneous absorption of carbon and nitrogen by the surface and, by diffusion, create a concentration gradient. The process is completed by cooling at a rate that produces the desired properties in the work piece.

Carburizing: A process in which carbon is introduced into a solid iron-base alloy by heating above the transformation temperature range while in contact with a carbonaceous material that may be a solid, liquid, or gas. Carburizing is frequently followed by quenching to produce a hardened case.

Case: 1) The surface layer of an iron-base alloy that has been suitably altered in composition and can be made substantially harder than the interior or core by a process of case hardening; and 2) the term case is also used to designate the hardened surface layer of a piece of steel that is large enough to have a distinctly softer core or center.

Cold Treatment: Exposing to suitable subzero temperatures for the purpose of obtaining desired conditions or properties, such as dimensional or microstructural stability. When the treatment involves the transformation of retained austenite, it is usually followed by a tempering treatment.

Conditioning Heat Treatment: A preliminary heat treatment used to prepare a material for a desired reaction to a subsequent heat treatment.

Controlled Cooling: A term used to describe a process by which a steel object is cooled from an elevated temperature, usually from the final hot-forming operation in a predetermined manner of cooling to avoid hardening, cracking, or internal damage.

Core: 1) The interior portion of an iron-base alloy that after case hardening is substantially softer than the surface layer or case; and 2) the term core is also used to designate the relatively soft central portion of certain hardened tool steels.

Critical Range or Critical Temperature Range : Synonymous with Transformation Range , which is preferred.

Decarburization: The loss of carbon from the surface of an iron-base alloy as the result of heating in a medium that reacts with the carbon.

Drawing: Drawing, or drawing the temper, is synonymous with Tempering, which is preferable.

Eutectic Alloy: The alloy composition that freezes at constant temperature similar to a pure metal. The lowest melting (or freezing) combination of two or more metals. The alloy structure (homogeneous) of two or more solid phases formed from the liquid eutectically.

Hardenability: In a ferrous alloy, the property that determines the depth and distribution of hardness induced by quenching.

Hardening: Any process of increasing hardness of metal by suitable treatment, usually involving heating and cooling.

Hardening, Case: A process of surface hardening involving a change in the composition of the outer layer of an iron-base alloy followed by appropriate thermal treatment. Typical case-hardening processes are Carburizing, Cyaniding, Carbonitriding, and Nitriding.

Hardening, Flame: A process of heating the surface layer of an iron-base alloy above the transformation temperature range by means of a high-temperature flame, followed by quenching.

Hardening, Precipitation: A process of hardening an alloy in which a constituent precipitates from a supersaturated solid solution. See also Aging.

Hardening, Secondary: An increase in hardness following the normal softening that occurs during the tempering of certain alloy steels.

Heating, Differential: A heating process by which the temperature is made to vary throughout the object being heated so that on cooling, different portions may have such different physical properties as may be desired.

Heating, Induction: A process of local heating by electrical induction.

Heat Treatment: A combination of heating and cooling operations applied to a metal or alloy in the solid state to obtain desired conditions or properties. Heating for the sole purpose of hot working is excluded from the meaning of this definition.

Heat Treatment, Solution: A treatment in which an alloy is heated to a suitable temperature and held at this temperature for a sufficient length of time to allow a desired constituent to enter into solid solution, followed by rapid cooling to hold the constituent in solution. The material is then in a supersaturated, unstable state, and may subsequently exhibit Age Hardening.

Homogenizing: A high-temperature heat-treatment process intended to eliminate or to decrease chemical segregation by diffusion.

Isothermal Transformation: A change in phase at constant temperature.

Malleablizing: A process of annealing white cast iron in which the combined carbon is wholly or in part transformed to graphitic or free carbon and, in some cases, part of the carbon is removed completely.

Maraging: A precipitation hardening treatment applied to a special group of iron-base alloys to precipitate one or more intermetallic compounds.

Martempering: A hardening procedure in which an austenitized ferrous workpiece is quenched into an appropriate medium whose temperature is maintained substantially at the Ms of the workpiece, held in the medium until its temperature is uniform throughout but not long enough to permit bainite to form, and then cooled in air. The treatment is followed by tempering.

Nitriding: A process of case hardening in which an iron-base alloy of special composition is heated in an atmosphere of ammonia or in contact with nitrogenous material. Surface hardening is produced by the absorption of nitrogen without quenching.

Normalizing: A process in which an iron-base alloy is heated to a temperature above the transformation range and subsequently cooled in still air at room temperature.

Overheated: A metal is said to have been overheated

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

[Mặc] [Thép] [Tạo hợp kim thép] [Thép thuộc tính tổng quan] [Xử lý nhiệt thép thuật ngữ] [Không gỉ thép] [Nhôm] [Đồng] [Titan] [Hợp nhất hệ thống đánh số]Xử lý nhiệt của thuật ngữ thépDưới đây là một số nhiệt phổ biến điều trị các thuật ngữ như được sử dụng bởi các cá nhân trong ngành công nghiệp thép. Các điều khoản này không được dùng trong một đặc điểm kỹ thuật và không có nhiệt độ cụ thể được xác định. Lão hóa: Mô tả một sự thay đổi thời gian-nhiệt độ phụ thuộc vào trong các thuộc tính của một số hợp kim. Ngoại trừ chủng lão hóa và tuổi tác nhằm vô hiệu hóa, nó là kết quả của mưa từ dung dịch rắn của một hoặc nhiều các hợp chất có độ hòa tan giảm theo giảm nhiệt độ. Đối với mỗi hợp kim dễ bị lão hóa, có là một phạm vi độc đáo kết hợp thời gian-nhiệt độ mà nó sẽ trả lời.Tôi: A thuật ngữ nghĩa là một điều trị, bao gồm hệ thống sưởi để và giữ ở nhiệt độ phù hợp theo sau làm mát tại một tỷ lệ thích hợp, sử dụng chủ yếu để làm mềm nhưng cũng đồng thời sản xuất thay đổi mong muốn trong thuộc tính khác hoặc trong microstructure. Mục đích của những thay đổi có thể, nhưng không bị giới hạn tới, sự cải thiện của machinability; tạo thuận lợi cho lạnh làm việc; cải thiện các tính chất cơ khí hoặc điện; hoặc tăng sự ổn định của kích thước. Chu kỳ thời gian-nhiệt độ sử dụng khác nhau cả ở nhiệt độ tối đa đạt được và trong làm mát tốc độ làm việc, tùy thuộc vào thành phần của vật liệu, tình trạng của nó, và các kết quả mong muốn.Sáng Annealing: Annealing trong một phương tiện bảo vệ để ngăn chặn sự đổi màu của bề mặt tươi sáng.Chu kỳ Annealing: Một ủ xử lý sử dụng một chu kỳ thời gian-nhiệt độ xác định trước và kiểm soát chặt chẽ để sản xuất thuộc tính cụ thể hoặc microstructure.Ngọn lửa Annealing: Annealing trong đó nhiệt được áp dụng trực tiếp của ngọn lửa.Đầy đủ Annealing: Austenitizing và sau đó làm mát với tốc độ như vậy mà độ cứng của sản phẩm phương pháp tiếp cận tối thiểu.Graphitizing: Tôi trong một cách mà một số hoặc tất cả các-bon kết tủa như than chì.Trung gian Annealing: Annealing ở giai đoạn một hoặc nhiều trong sản xuất và trước khi điều trị nhiệt cuối cùng.Cách nhiệt Annealing: Austenitizing và sau đó làm mát và giữ ở nhiệt độ tại mà biến đổi austenite để tổng hợp hợp kim cứng ferrite khá mềm.Quá trình Annealing: Một thuật ngữ không chính xác được sử dụng để biểu thị phương pháp điều trị khác nhau mà cải thiện workability.Dập tắt Annealing: Ủ một hợp kim giãn nở của giải pháp xử lý nhiệt.Spheroidizing: Sưởi ấm và làm mát trong một chu kỳ thiết kế để sản xuất một hình thức thiên hoặc globular cacbua.Austempered: Tôi từ nhiệt độ trên phạm vi chuyển đổi, trong một môi trường có một tỷ lệ nhiệt trừu tượng đủ cao để ngăn chặn sự hình thành của các sản phẩm chuyển đổi nhiệt độ cao, và sau đó giữ hợp kim, cho đến khi chuyển đổi được hoàn tất, ở nhiệt độ dưới đây mà pearlite hình thành và ở trên đó mactensit hình thành.Austenitizing: Forming austenite by heating into the transformation range (partial austenitizing) or above the transformation range (complete austenitizing). When used without qualification, the term implies complete austenitizing.Bluing: A treatment of the surface of iron-base alloys, usually in the form of sheet or strip, on which, by the action of air or steam at a suitable temperature, a thin blue oxide film is formed on the initially scale-free surface, as a means of improving appearance and resistance to corrosion. This term is also used to denote a heat treatment of springs after fabrication, to reduce the internal stress created by coiling and forming.Carbon Potential: A measure of the ability of an environment containing active carbon to alter or maintain, under prescribed conditions, the carbon content of the steel exposed to it. In any particular environment, the carbon level attained will depend on such factors as temperature, time, and steel composition.Carbon Restoration: Replacing the carbon lost in the surface layer from previous processing by carburizing this layer to substantially the original carbon level.Carbonitriding: A case-hardening process in which a suitable ferrous material is heated above the lower transformation temperature in a gaseous atmosphere of such composition as to cause simultaneous absorption of carbon and nitrogen by the surface and, by diffusion, create a concentration gradient. The process is completed by cooling at a rate that produces the desired properties in the work piece.Carburizing: A process in which carbon is introduced into a solid iron-base alloy by heating above the transformation temperature range while in contact with a carbonaceous material that may be a solid, liquid, or gas. Carburizing is frequently followed by quenching to produce a hardened case.Case: 1) The surface layer of an iron-base alloy that has been suitably altered in composition and can be made substantially harder than the interior or core by a process of case hardening; and 2) the term case is also used to designate the hardened surface layer of a piece of steel that is large enough to have a distinctly softer core or center.Cold Treatment: Exposing to suitable subzero temperatures for the purpose of obtaining desired conditions or properties, such as dimensional or microstructural stability. When the treatment involves the transformation of retained austenite, it is usually followed by a tempering treatment.Conditioning Heat Treatment: A preliminary heat treatment used to prepare a material for a desired reaction to a subsequent heat treatment.Controlled Cooling: A term used to describe a process by which a steel object is cooled from an elevated temperature, usually from the final hot-forming operation in a predetermined manner of cooling to avoid hardening, cracking, or internal damage.Core: 1) The interior portion of an iron-base alloy that after case hardening is substantially softer than the surface layer or case; and 2) the term core is also used to designate the relatively soft central portion of certain hardened tool steels.Critical Range or Critical Temperature Range : Synonymous with Transformation Range , which is preferred.Decarburization: The loss of carbon from the surface of an iron-base alloy as the result of heating in a medium that reacts with the carbon.Drawing: Drawing, or drawing the temper, is synonymous with Tempering, which is preferable.Eutectic Alloy: The alloy composition that freezes at constant temperature similar to a pure metal. The lowest melting (or freezing) combination of two or more metals. The alloy structure (homogeneous) of two or more solid phases formed from the liquid eutectically.Hardenability: In a ferrous alloy, the property that determines the depth and distribution of hardness induced by quenching. Hardening: Any process of increasing hardness of metal by suitable treatment, usually involving heating and cooling.Hardening, Case: A process of surface hardening involving a change in the composition of the outer layer of an iron-base alloy followed by appropriate thermal treatment. Typical case-hardening processes are Carburizing, Cyaniding, Carbonitriding, and Nitriding.Hardening, Flame: A process of heating the surface layer of an iron-base alloy above the transformation temperature range by means of a high-temperature flame, followed by quenching.Hardening, Precipitation: A process of hardening an alloy in which a constituent precipitates from a supersaturated solid solution. See also Aging.Hardening, Secondary: An increase in hardness following the normal softening that occurs during the tempering of certain alloy steels.Heating, Differential: A heating process by which the temperature is made to vary throughout the object being heated so that on cooling, different portions may have such different physical properties as may be desired.Heating, Induction: A process of local heating by electrical induction.Heat Treatment: A combination of heating and cooling operations applied to a metal or alloy in the solid state to obtain desired conditions or properties. Heating for the sole purpose of hot working is excluded from the meaning of this definition.Heat Treatment, Solution: A treatment in which an alloy is heated to a suitable temperature and held at this temperature for a sufficient length of time to allow a desired constituent to enter into solid solution, followed by rapid cooling to hold the constituent in solution. The material is then in a supersaturated, unstable state, and may subsequently exhibit Age Hardening.Homogenizing: A high-temperature heat-treatment process intended to eliminate or to decrease chemical segregation by diffusion.Isothermal Transformation: A change in phase at constant temperature.Malleablizing: A process of annealing white cast iron in which the combined carbon is wholly or in part transformed to graphitic or free carbon and, in some cases, part of the carbon is removed completely.Maraging: A precipitation hardening treatment applied to a special group of iron-base alloys to precipitate one or more intermetallic compounds.Martempering: A hardening procedure in which an austenitized ferrous workpiece is quenched into an appropriate medium whose temperature is maintained substantially at the Ms of the workpiece, held in the medium until its temperature is uniform throughout but not long enough to permit bainite to form, and then cooled in air. The treatment is followed by tempering.Nitriding: A process of case hardening in which an iron-base alloy of special composition is heated in an atmosphere of ammonia or in contact with nitrogenous material. Surface hardening is produced by the absorption of nitrogen without quenching.Normalizing: A process in which an iron-base alloy is heated to a temperature above the transformation range and subsequently cooled in still air at room temperature.Overheated: A metal is said to have been overheated