In 1995 Fujishima and his group discovered the superhydrophilicity phenomenon for titanium dioxide coated glass exposed to sun light.[34] This resulted in the development of self-cleaning glass and anti-fogging coatings.TiO2 incorporated into outdoor building materials, such as paving stones in noxer blocks[38] or paints, can substantially reduce concentrations of airborne pollutants such as volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides.[39]A photocatalytic cement that uses titanium dioxide as a primary component, produced by Italcementi Group, was included in Time's Top 50 Inventions of 2008.[40]Attempts have been made to photocatalytically mineralize pollutants (to convert into CO2 and H2O) in waste water.[41] TiO2 offers great potential as an industrial technology for detoxification or remediation of wastewater due to several factors:[42] The process uses natural oxygen and sunlight and thus occurs under ambient conditions; it is wavelength selective and is accelerated by UV light. The photocatalyst is inexpensive, readily available, non-toxic, chemically and mechanically stable, and has a high turnover. The formation of photocyclized intermediate products, unlike direct photolysis techniques, is avoided. Oxidation of the substrates to CO2 is complete. TiO2 can be supported as thin films on suitable reactor substrates, which can be readily separated from treated water.[43]
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