Period 1: founding history, objectives, scope and functions of the WTO The World Trade Organization (WTO) was born on 1/1/1995. The predecessor of the WTO's general agreement on trade and tariffs (GATT), established in 1947. For nearly 50 years, GATT is the main tool of the industrialized countries in order to regulate the trade goods of the world. The WTO is the result of the Uruguay Round lasted 8 years (1987-1994), to further institutionalize and set up a new order in the multilateral trading system of the world to match the smooth and drastic changes are taking place in the economic relations, trade between the countries. Basically, the WTO is the successor of GATT. The birth of the WTO help to create legal mechanisms that regulate world trade in new areas of services, investment and intellectual property, and put into multilateral trade framework two areas of textiles and agriculture. With 150 members (as of January 2007), the WTO is the only international organization making the rules, the laws regulating trade relations between countries. Volume of transactions between WTO members currently accounts for over 98% of international commercial transactions.Objectives of the WTO The WTO as an organization of trade all over the world, make the goals stated in the preface to the 1947 GATT agreement was to raise the standard of living of the people of the Member States, ensure the việm to promote economic growth and trade, the most effective use of the resources of the world. The WTO has three specific goals: Promote growth of trade in goods and services in the world for the development of stable, sustainable and environmental protection; Promote the development of market institutions, resolve disagreements and disputes of trade between Member States within the framework of the multilateral trading system, in accordance with the basic principles of The law; guaranteed for the developing countries and especially the least developed countries be passive enjoyment of the true benefits from the growth of international trade, in line with the economic development needs of these countries and encouraged the country to more and deeper integration into the world economy; Raise the standard of living, created the eat, work for the people of the Member States, ensure the rights and minimum labour standards are respected.Regulatory scope The nucleus of the WTO's trade agreements or "trade-related" are members of the WTO negotiation and signing. This agreement is the legal basis for international commerce, including agreement on the areas of agriculture, plant and animal quarantine, textiles and apparel, technical barriers to trade, investment, anti-dumping, determination of customs value, commodity inspection prior to shipment, rules of origin, import licensing procedures, subsidies and countervailing measures, safeguard measures, trade in services, intellectual property, rules and procedures for dispute resolution ... here is the binding agreements, the Government must maintain the trade policies of the agreed limit. The WTO made 5 the following functions:-Unify to manage the implementation of the agreement and the multilateral trade agreements and many parties; oversight, facilitation, including technical assistance to the Member States implementing the obligations of their international trade-The institutional framework for the multilateral round of trade negotiations within the framework of the WTO, according to the decision of the WTO ministerial meeting.-The mechanism for resolving disputes between Member States regarding the implementation of the WTO agreements and the thiứch Prize and the agreement on multilateral businesses and many parties.-The mechanism of reviewing trade policies of the Member States, ensure objective promoting trade liberalisation and compliance with the regulations of the WTO, the agreement establishing the WTO (Appendix 3) have provided a mechanism for reviewing trade policies apply equally to all the members.-Implement the cooperation with international economic organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in this instalment plan those policies and predictions about the future development trend of the global economy.
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