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Country music
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For other uses, see Country music (disambiguation).
Country music
Stylistic origins Appalachian folk music, bluegrass, gospel, western swing, anglo-celtic music, old-time music, blues
Cultural origins 1920s, Southern United States
Typical instruments Guitar, bass, electric bass guitar, dobro, electric guitar, steel guitar, pedal steel guitar, mandolin, banjo, double bass, fiddle, piano, keyboard, drums, harmonica, vocals
Derivative forms Rock and roll, dansband, roots rock, southern rock, heartland rock
Subgenres
Bakersfield sound - Close harmony - Honky tonk - Jug band - Lubbock sound - Nashville sound - Neotraditional country - Outlaw country - Red Dirt - Western swing - Texas country
Fusion genres
Alternative country - Country rock - Psychobilly - Rockabilly - Gothabilly - Cowpunk - Country-rap - Country pop - Country soul - Sertanejo - Southern soul
Other topics
Country musicians - List of years in country music

Country music is a genre of American popular music that originated in the rural regions of the Southern United States in the 1920s.[1] It takes its roots from the southeastern genre of American folk music and Western music. Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.[2] Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, fiddles, and harmonicas.[3][4][5]

The term country music gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term hillbilly music; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century. The term country music is used today to describe many styles and subgenres. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute in the United States.[6]
Contents

1 Early origins
2 First generation (1920s)
3 Second generation (1930s–1940s)
3.1 Singing cowboys and Western swing
3.2 Changing instrumentation
3.3 Hillbilly boogie
3.4 Bluegrass, folk and gospel
3.5 Honky tonk
4 Third generation (1950s–1960s)
4.1 Rockabilly
4.2 The Nashville and countrypolitan sounds
4.3 Country soul - crossover
4.4 The Bakersfield sound
4.5 Country rock
5 Decline of Western music and the cowboy ballad
6 Fourth generation (1970s–1980s)
6.1 Outlaw country
6.2 Country pop
6.3 Neocountry
6.4 Truck driving country
6.5 Neotraditionalist movement
7 Fifth generation (1990s)
8 Sixth generation (2000s–present)
9 International
9.1 Canada
9.2 Australia
9.3 Other international country music
10 Performers and shows
10.1 US cable television
10.2 Canadian television
10.3 Australian cable television
11 See also
12 References
13 Further reading
14 External links

Early origins
Ryman Auditorium, the "Mother Church of Country Music"

Immigrants to the Southern Appalachian Mountains of North America brought the music and instruments of the Old World along with them for nearly 300 years. They brought some of their most important valuables with them, and to most of them this was an instrument: “Early Irish settlers enjoyed the fiddle because it could be played to sound sad and mournful or bright and bouncy”[7] The Irish fiddle, the German derived dulcimer, the Italian mandolin, the Spanish guitar, and the West African banjo[8] were the most common musical instruments.

According to Historian Bill Malone in Country Music U.S.A, country music was “introduced to the world as a southern phenomenon."[9] In the South, folk music was a combination of cultural strains, combining musical traditions of a variety of ethnic groups in the region. For example, some instrumental pieces from Irish immigrants were the basis of folk songs and ballads that form what is now known as old time music, from which country music descended. It is commonly thought that Irish folk music heavily influenced the development of old time music in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, where the earliest European settlers hailed principally from Ireland.

Country music is often erroneously thought of as solely the creation of European Americans. However, a great deal of style—and of course, the banjo, a major instrument in most early American folk songs—came from African Americans. One of the reasons country music was created by African Americans, as well as European Americans, is because blacks and whites in rural communities in the south often worked and played together, just as recollected by DeFord Bailey[10] in the PBS documentary, DeFord Bailey: A Legend Lost.[11] Influential black guitarist Arnold Schultz, known as the primary source for thumb style, or Travis picking, played with white musicians in West-central Kentucky.[12]

Throughout the 19th century, several immigrant groups from Europe, most notably from Ireland, Germany, Spain, and Italy, moved to Texas. These groups interacted with Mexican, Native American and U.S. communities that were already established in Texas. As a result of this cohabitation and extended contact, Texas has developed unique cultural traits that are rooted in the culture of all of its founding communities.[13]
First generation (1920s)
Vernon Dalhart
Jimmie Rodgers

Atlanta's music scene played a major role in launching country's earliest recording artists in the early 1920s — many Appalachian people had come to the city to work in its cotton mills and brought their music with them. It would remain a major recording center for two decades and a major performance center for four decades, into the first country music TV shows on local Atlanta stations in the 1950s.[14]

Some record companies in Atlanta turned away early artists such as Fiddlin' John Carson; while others realized that his music would fit perfectly with the lifestyle of the country's agricultural workers.[15] The first commercial recordings of what was considered country music were "Arkansas Traveler" and "Turkey in the Straw" by fiddlers Henry Gilliland & A.C. (Eck) Robertson on June 30, 1922 for Victor Records and released in April 1923.[16][17] Columbia Records began issuing records with "hillbilly" music (series 15000D "Old Familiar Tunes") as early as 1924.[18]

A year later, on June 14, 1923, Fiddlin' John Carson recorded "Little Log Cabin in the Lane" for Okeh Records.[19] Vernon Dalhart was the first country singer to have a nationwide hit in May 1924 with "Wreck of the Old '97".[20][21] The flip side of the record was "Lonesome Road Blues," which also became very popular.[22] In April 1924, "Aunt" Samantha Bumgarner and Eva Davis became the first female musicians to record and release country songs.[23]

Many "hillbilly" musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the decade[24] and into the 1930s. Other important early recording artists were Riley Puckett, Don Richardson, Fiddlin' John Carson, Uncle Dave Macon, Al Hopkins, Ernest V. Stoneman, Charlie Poole and the North Carolina Ramblers and The Skillet Lickers.[25] The steel guitar entered country music as early as 1922, when Jimmie Tarlton met famed Hawaiian guitarist Frank Ferera on the West Coast.[26]

Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family are widely considered to be important early country musicians. Their songs were first captured at a historic recording session in Bristol on August 1, 1927, where Ralph Peer was the talent scout and sound recordist.[27][28] A scene in the movie O Brother, Where Art Thou? depicts a similar occurrence in the same timeframe.

Rodgers fused hillbilly country, gospel, jazz, blues, pop, cowboy, and folk; and many of his best songs were his compositions, including “Blue Yodel”,[29] which sold over a million records and established Rodgers as the premier singer of early country music.[30][31]

Beginning in 1927, and for the next 17 years, the Carters recorded some 300 old-time ballads, traditional tunes, country songs and gospel hymns, all representative of America's southeastern folklore and heritage.[32]
Second generation (1930s–1940s)

One effect of the Great Depression was to reduce the number of records that could be sold. Radio, and broadcasting, became a popular source of entertainment, and "barn dance" shows featuring country music were started all over the South, as far north as Chicago, and as far west as California.
Roy Acuff

The most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville to the present day. Some of the early stars on the Opry were Uncle Dave Macon, Roy Acuff and African American harmonica player DeFord Bailey. WSM's 50,000 Watt signal (1934) could often be heard across the country,[33]

Many musicians performed and recorded songs in any number of styles. Moon Mullican, for example, played Western swing, but also recorded songs that can be called rockabilly. Between 1947 and 1949, country crooner Eddy Arnold placed eight songs in the top 10.[34]
Singing cowboys and Western swing
Main article: Western music (North America)

During the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Some of the popular singing cowboys from the era were Gene Autry, the Sons of the Pioneers and Roy Rogers.[35] Country music & western music were frequently played together on the same radio stations, hence the term country & western music.

And it wasn't only cowboys; cowgirls contributed to the sound in various family groups. Patsy Montana opened the door for female artists with her history making song "I Want To Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart". This would begin a movement toward opportunities for women to have successf

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

Nhạc đồng quêTừ Wikipedia tiếng ViệtBước tới: chuyển hướng, tìm kiếmXem các nghĩa khác tại nhạc đồng quê (định hướng)Nhạc đồng quêNguồn gốc phong cách âm nhạc dân gian Appalachian, bluegrass, phúc âm, Tây swing, celtic Anh âm nhạc, old-time music, nhạc bluesNguồn gốc văn hóa ở thập niên 1920, miền Nam Hoa KỳĐiển hình nhạc cụ Guitar, bass, guitar bass điện, dobro, guitar điện, thép guitar, pedal steel guitar, mandolin, banjo, double bass, fiddle, piano, Bàn phím, trống, harmonica, hátBắt nguồn từ các hình thức nhạc Rock and roll, dansband, rễ rock, rock miền Nam, khu trung tâm đáThể loại nhánhBakersfield âm thanh - gần harmony - Honky tonk - Nashville Jug band - Lubbock âm thanh - âm thanh - Neotraditional quốc gia - Outlaw đất nước - Red Dirt - Tây swing - Texas quốc giaPhản ứng tổng hợp thể loạiĐất nước thay thế - các nước đá - Psychobilly - Rockabilly - Gothabilly - Cowpunk - quốc gia-rap - quốc gia cửa sổ pop - quốc gia linh hồn - Sertanejo - Nam linh hồnCác chủ đề khácNhạc sĩ quốc gia - danh sách năm trong nhạc đồng quêNhạc đồng quê là một thể loại âm nhạc phổ biến Mỹ có nguồn gốc ở các vùng nông thôn của miền Nam Hoa Kỳ trong thập niên 1920. [1] nó có nguồn gốc từ đông nam của thể loại nhạc dân gian và nhạc phương Tây. Blues chế độ đã được sử dụng rộng rãi trong suốt lịch sử của nó. [2] nhạc đồng quê thường bao gồm các bản ballad và giai điệu khiêu vũ với hình thức đơn giản nói chung và điệu đi kèm với chủ yếu là các nhạc cụ dây như banjos, điện và acoustic guitar, fiddles, và harmonicas. [3] [4] [5]Nhạc đồng quê thuật ngữ trở nên phổ biến trong những năm 1940 ưu đãi cho thuật ngữ trước đó hillbilly âm nhạc; nó đến để bao gồm âm nhạc phương Tây, mà phát triển song song hillbilly nhạc từ tương tự như rễ, vào thế kỷ giữa 20. Nhạc đồng quê của thuật ngữ được sử dụng vào ngày hôm nay để mô tả nhiều phong cách và thể loại nhánh. Trong năm 2009 nhạc đồng quê là đặt nghe để giờ cao điểm đài phát thanh thể loại trong buổi tối đi làm, và thứ hai phổ biến nhất trong buổi sáng đi làm tại Hoa Kỳ. [6]Nội dung 1 nguồn gốc sớm 2 thế hệ đầu tiên (thập niên 1920) 3 thế hệ thứ hai (thập niên 1930-thập niên 1940) 3.1 các ca hát cowboys và Tây swing 3.2 thay đổi phương tiện 3.3 hillbilly boogie 3.4 Bluegrass, dân gian và nhạc thánh ca 3.5 honky tonk 4 thế hệ thứ ba (thập niên 1950 – thập niên 1960) 4.1 khởi 4.2 các âm thanh Nashville và countrypolitan 4.3 linh hồn country - chéo 4.4 những âm thanh Bakersfield 4,5 nước đá 5 sự suy giảm của Tây âm nhạc và những bản ballad cao bồi 6 thế hệ thứ tư (thập niên 1970-những năm 1980) 6.1 outlaw đất nước 6.2 pop đồng quê 6.3 Neocountry 6.4 xe tải lái xe quốc gia 6.5 phong trào Neotraditionalist 7 thế hệ thứ năm (thập niên 1990) 8 thế hệ thứ sáu (thập niên 2000-hiện tại) 9 International 9.1 Canada 9.2 Úc 9.3 khác âm nhạc quốc gia quốc tế 10 người biểu diễn và cho thấy 10,1 truyền hình cáp Mỹ 10.2 người Canada truyền hình 10.3 truyền hình cáp Úc 11 Xem thêm 12 tham khảo 13 đọc thêm 14 liên kết ngoàiĐầu nguồn gốcRyman Auditorium, "mẹ nhà thờ của quốc gia âm nhạc"Người nhập cư đến Nam dãy núi Appalachian của Bắc Mỹ mang âm nhạc và nhạc cụ của Cựu thế giới cùng với họ trong gần 300 năm. Họ mang lại một số các vật có giá trị quan trọng nhất với họ, và hầu hết họ là một công cụ: "người định cư Ireland đầu rất thích fiddle vì nó có thể được phát âm thanh buồn và bi ai hoặc sáng và bouncy" [7] The Irish fiddle, Đức có nguồn gốc dulcimer, mandolin ý, guitar Tây Ban Nha, và Tây Phi banjo [8] là các dụng cụ âm nhạc phổ biến nhất.Theo sử gia Bill Malone trong nhạc đồng quê Mỹ, nhạc đồng quê được "giới thiệu với thế giới như là một hiện tượng Nam." [9] ở phía Nam, âm nhạc dân gian là một sự kết hợp của các chủng văn hóa, kết hợp truyền thống âm nhạc của nhiều nhóm sắc tộc trong vùng. Ví dụ, một số phần nhạc từ những người nhập cư Ireland đã là cơ sở của bài hát dân gian và bản ballad tạo thành những gì bây giờ được biết đến như cũ thời gian âm nhạc từ nhạc đồng quê đi xuống. Người ta thường cho rằng âm nhạc dân gian người Ireland bị ảnh hưởng nhiều sự phát triển của cũ thời gian âm nhạc trong dãy Appalachian núi phía Nam, nơi những người định cư châu Âu đầu tiên ca ngợi chủ yếu từ Ai-Len.Country music is often erroneously thought of as solely the creation of European Americans. However, a great deal of style—and of course, the banjo, a major instrument in most early American folk songs—came from African Americans. One of the reasons country music was created by African Americans, as well as European Americans, is because blacks and whites in rural communities in the south often worked and played together, just as recollected by DeFord Bailey[10] in the PBS documentary, DeFord Bailey: A Legend Lost.[11] Influential black guitarist Arnold Schultz, known as the primary source for thumb style, or Travis picking, played with white musicians in West-central Kentucky.[12]Throughout the 19th century, several immigrant groups from Europe, most notably from Ireland, Germany, Spain, and Italy, moved to Texas. These groups interacted with Mexican, Native American and U.S. communities that were already established in Texas. As a result of this cohabitation and extended contact, Texas has developed unique cultural traits that are rooted in the culture of all of its founding communities.[13]First generation (1920s)Vernon DalhartJimmie RodgersAtlanta's music scene played a major role in launching country's earliest recording artists in the early 1920s — many Appalachian people had come to the city to work in its cotton mills and brought their music with them. It would remain a major recording center for two decades and a major performance center for four decades, into the first country music TV shows on local Atlanta stations in the 1950s.[14]Some record companies in Atlanta turned away early artists such as Fiddlin' John Carson; while others realized that his music would fit perfectly with the lifestyle of the country's agricultural workers.[15] The first commercial recordings of what was considered country music were "Arkansas Traveler" and "Turkey in the Straw" by fiddlers Henry Gilliland & A.C. (Eck) Robertson on June 30, 1922 for Victor Records and released in April 1923.[16][17] Columbia Records began issuing records with "hillbilly" music (series 15000D "Old Familiar Tunes") as early as 1924.[18]A year later, on June 14, 1923, Fiddlin' John Carson recorded "Little Log Cabin in the Lane" for Okeh Records.[19] Vernon Dalhart was the first country singer to have a nationwide hit in May 1924 with "Wreck of the Old '97".[20][21] The flip side of the record was "Lonesome Road Blues," which also became very popular.[22] In April 1924, "Aunt" Samantha Bumgarner and Eva Davis became the first female musicians to record and release country songs.[23]Many "hillbilly" musicians, such as Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs throughout the decade[24] and into the 1930s. Other important early recording artists were Riley Puckett, Don Richardson, Fiddlin' John Carson, Uncle Dave Macon, Al Hopkins, Ernest V. Stoneman, Charlie Poole and the North Carolina Ramblers and The Skillet Lickers.[25] The steel guitar entered country music as early as 1922, when Jimmie Tarlton met famed Hawaiian guitarist Frank Ferera on the West Coast.[26]Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family are widely considered to be important early country musicians. Their songs were first captured at a historic recording session in Bristol on August 1, 1927, where Ralph Peer was the talent scout and sound recordist.[27][28] A scene in the movie O Brother, Where Art Thou? depicts a similar occurrence in the same timeframe.Rodgers fused hillbilly country, gospel, jazz, blues, pop, cowboy, and folk; and many of his best songs were his compositions, including “Blue Yodel”,[29] which sold over a million records and established Rodgers as the premier singer of early country music.[30][31]Beginning in 1927, and for the next 17 years, the Carters recorded some 300 old-time ballads, traditional tunes, country songs and gospel hymns, all representative of America's southeastern folklore and heritage.[32]Second generation (1930s–1940s)One effect of the Great Depression was to reduce the number of records that could be sold. Radio, and broadcasting, became a popular source of entertainment, and "barn dance" shows featuring country music were started all over the South, as far north as Chicago, and as far west as California.Roy AcuffThe most important was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville to the present day. Some of the early stars on the Opry were Uncle Dave Macon, Roy Acuff and African American harmonica player DeFord Bailey. WSM's 50,000 Watt signal (1934) could often be heard across the country,[33]
Many musicians performed and recorded songs in any number of styles. Moon Mullican, for example, played Western swing, but also recorded songs that can be called rockabilly. Between 1947 and 1949, country crooner Eddy Arnold placed eight songs in the top 10.[34]
Singing cowboys and Western swing
Main article: Western music (North America)

During the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or Western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Some of the popular singing cowboys from the era were Gene Autry, the Sons of the Pioneers and Roy Rogers.[35] Country music & western music were frequently played together on the same radio stations, hence the term country & western music.

And it wasn't only cowboys; cowgirls contributed to the sound in various family groups. Patsy Montana opened the door for female artists with her history making song "I Want To Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart". This would begin a movement toward opportunities for women to have successf