Since atoms of all elements in a given group ofthe periodic table have analogous arrangements ofelectrons in their outermost shells and different arrangements from elements of other groups, it is reasonable to conclude that the outermostelectronic configuration of the atom is responsible for the chemical characteristics of the element. Elements with similar arrangements of electrons in their outer shells will have similar properties. For example, theformulas of their oxides will be of the same type. The electrons in the outermost shells of the atoms are referred to as valence electrons.
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