8.2.3 Effects of Boiler and Condenser Pressures on the Rankine CycleIn Sec. 6.4.2 we observed that the thermal efficiency of power cycles tends to increase as the average temperature at which energy is added by heat transfer increases and/or the av- erage temperature at which energy is rejected decreases. Let us apply this idea to study the effects on performance of the ideal Rankine cycle of changes in the boiler and condenser pressures. Although these findings are obtained with reference to the ideal Rankine cycle, they also hold qualitatively for actual vapor power plants.Figure 8.4a shows two ideal cycles having the same condenser pressure but different boiler pressures. By inspection, the average temperature of heat addition is seen to be greater for the higher-pressure cycle 1 –2 –3 – 4 –1 than for cycle 1–2–3– 4 –1. It follows that increas- ing the boiler pressure of the ideal Rankine cycle tends to increase the thermal efficiency.Figure 8.4b shows two cycles with the same boiler pressure but two different condenser pressures. One condenser operates at atmospheric pressure and the other at less than at- mospheric pressure. The temperature of heat rejection for cycle 1–2–3– 4 –1 condensing at atmospheric pressure is 100 C (212 F). The temperature of heat rejection for the lower- pressure cycle 1–2 –3 – 4 –1 is corresponding lower, so this cycle has the greater thermal efficiency. It follows that decreasing the condenser pressure tends to increase the thermal efficiency.
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