Outline of early steps of the Taxol biosynthetic pathway. (a) The coupling of isopentenyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate to geranylgeranyldiphosphate by geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, (b) the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to taxadiene by taxadiene synthase,(c) the hydroxylation to taxadien-5a-ol by cytochrome P450 taxadiene 5a-hydroxylase, (d) the acetylation of taxadien-5a-ol by taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5a-ol-O-acetyltransferase, (e) the hydroxylation of taxadien-5a-yl acetate by cytochrome P450 taxane 10b-hydroxylase, (f) thebenzoylation of a 2-O-debenzoyl taxane by a taxane 2a-O-benzoyltransferase, (g) and the acetylation of 10-deacetyl baccatin III to baccatin III by a10-deacetyl baccatin III-10-O-acetyltransferase are illustrated. Multiple arrows indicate several as yet undefined steps.
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