A area
Afr area swept by the wind
Aref reference area
B2 background response part
C wind load factor for bridges
E Young’s modulus
Ffr resultant friction force
Fj vortex exciting force at point j of the structure
Fw resultant wind force
H height of a topographic feature
Iv turbulence intensity
K mode shape factor; shape parameter
Kiv interference factor for vortex shedding
Krd reduction factor for parapets
Kw correlation length factor
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