4. DiscussionFeeding deterrence, growth inhibition, and greenhouse bioassaysshowed that the crude seed extract of A. squamosa is a more effectiveantifeedant and growth inhibitor than A. atemoya onT. ni larvae. Bothextracts showed strong dose responses in all bioassays. Leatemia andIsman (2004a) reported that seed extracts of A. squamosa fromMaluku, Indonesia has antifeedant, as well as toxic properties on twolepidopteranspecies, T. niand Plutella xylostella.Crudeoilsfromseedsof A. squamosa significantly reduced leaf damage caused by Spodoptera litura (Fab.) larvae (Babu et al.,1998). Toxicity of seed extractsofA. squamosahasalsobeenreportedagainstHeliothis armigeraand S.litura (Sonkamble et al.,2000).Ethyl acetate and hexaneextracts of A.squamosaseeds were toxic to both neonates and third instarlarvae ofthe khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Rao et al., 2005). Theextracts also exhibited strong antifeedant action with reduction ingrowth and development. Crude seed extracts of A. squamosa seedswere toxic to different species of flour beetles (Khalequzzaman andSultana, 2006; Kotkar et al., 2002)
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