When a temperature difference 1T is applied between thetop of the Pt film and the bottom of the GGG substrate, TEconversion is induced by the following mechanism (Fig. 2c). First,the temperature gradient drives a spin current density js at thePt/Bi:YIG interface perpendicular to the plane as a result of theSSE (refs 20,21). In this process, the phonon energy distributingover the GGG substrate is supposed to enhance the generation ofjs through the phonon-drag process1416. Then, js is converted intoan electric field EISHE by means of the inverse spin-Hall effect (ISHE)in the Pt (refs 2224)
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