Adult stem cells are thus central to tissue homeostasis and are identified through three distinctive properties:1. Self-renewal: the ability to undergo division and form new cells with a potential identical to the mother cell2. Differentiation: the ability to give rise to a heterogeneous population of cells arranged in a hierarchical manner; includes various tissue-specific lineages, thereby building up the requisite critical mass toward replenishing the tissue of short-lived, differentiated cells3. Homeostasis: the ability to regulate and balance differentiation and self-renewal in the tissue or organ
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