Improvements in seismic safety, since aboutthe time of the San Francisco earthquake of1906, have been due primarily to acceptance ofever-increasing force levels to which buildingsmust be designed. Innovation has beenconfirmed to the development and acceptanceof economical structural systems that performreasonably well, accommodate architecturaldemands such as open exteriors and the absenceof interior walls, and enable materials such assteel and reinforced concrete to compete in themarketplace on near-equal terms.
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