From Malthus to Sustainable DevelopmentSome Intellectual Underpinnings (and a Disclaimer) 20Why Sustainability? 22Nine Ways to Achieve Sustainability 23Economics as the Dismal Science 28Population, Resources, Environment, and Sustainability 29Sustainability on the Highway Produced by Three Key Sources of Energy 35A Look ForwardThe above calculations can often be done in one’s head. This is a useful trick and a useful toolto calculate rough values for investment returns, world population trends, nor th-south distributionrates, and the like.Table 1-1 shows that it took all of previous histor y until the 1800s before the ear th had apopulation of one billion. The next billion was reached in 1930, or 130 years later
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