People with an overpowering fear ma

People with an overpowering fear may not be able to consciously control the direction of their gaze when faced with a picture eliciting that fear, according to a new study published in the journal Emotion (Vol. 5, No. 1). In particular, those with a fear of spiders, or arachnophobia, may not be able to avoid looking toward a spider in the grass, while those without the fear can, the study's findings indicate.
To reach this finding, the researchers outfitted 26 college students--half of whom had arachnophobia--with a device that tracks eye movements. They then showed the participants a four-by-four grid of flowers on a computer screen, where a picture of a grey-brown spider and a grey-brown mushroom each occupied one space on the grid.
In one trial, the researchers asked the students to press the spacebar when they spotted a mushroom, but to ignore any spiders. In a second condition, the researchers asked the students to press the key when they saw the spider, but to avoid looking at mushrooms.
When instructed to ignore the spider and spot the mushroom, the students with arachnophobia could not avoid looking at the spider--causing them to notice the mushroom three-tenths of a second more slowly than the control group. Additionally, after the experimenters instructed the students to search for the spider, the arachnophobic students found the spider and pressed the space bar about three-tenths of a second more quickly than the nonphobic students.
These findings show that the attention processes of people with a powerful fear of spiders may be beyond their conscious control, says study author Wolfgang Miltner, PhD, a professor of psychology at the University of Jena, in Germany--suggesting that treatments that focus on conscious cognitive processes may not work for such phobias. Instead, therapists could--and do--use treatments that focus on preconscious processing, such as systematic desensitization,

Kết quả (Việt) 1:

People with an overpowering fear may not be able to consciously control the direction of their gaze when faced with a picture eliciting that fear, according to a new study published in the journal Emotion (Vol. 5, No. 1). In particular, those with a fear of spiders, or arachnophobia, may not be able to avoid looking toward a spider in the grass, while those without the fear can, the study's findings indicate.To reach this finding, the researchers outfitted 26 college students--half of whom had arachnophobia--with a device that tracks eye movements. They then showed the participants a four-by-four grid of flowers on a computer screen, where a picture of a grey-brown spider and a grey-brown mushroom each occupied one space on the grid.In one trial, the researchers asked the students to press the spacebar when they spotted a mushroom, but to ignore any spiders. In a second condition, the researchers asked the students to press the key when they saw the spider, but to avoid looking at mushrooms.When instructed to ignore the spider and spot the mushroom, the students with arachnophobia could not avoid looking at the spider--causing them to notice the mushroom three-tenths of a second more slowly than the control group. Additionally, after the experimenters instructed the students to search for the spider, the arachnophobic students found the spider and pressed the space bar about three-tenths of a second more quickly than the nonphobic students.Những phát hiện này hiển thị rằng tiến trình sự chú ý của mọi người có một nỗi sợ hãi mạnh mẽ của nhện có thể là ngoài tầm kiểm soát ý thức của họ, ông nghiên cứu tác giả Wolfgang Miltner, tiến sĩ, một giáo sư tâm lý học tại Đại học Jena, Đức - cho thấy rằng phương pháp điều trị tập trung vào quá trình nhận thức ý thức có thể không làm việc cho ám ảnh như vậy. Thay vào đó, trị liệu có thể - và - sử dụng phương pháp điều trị tập trung vào preconscious xử lý, chẳng hạn như hệ thống desensitization,