Not all new knowledge can be immediately exploited, so this learning process fulfills an important intertemporal function (Garud & Nayyar, 1994; Sabberwal & Becerra-Fernandez, 2003). Exploitation requires using the assimilated knowledge to create improved procedures and commercial outputs, such as reliability-seeking processes (March, 1991). Zahra and George (2002), on the other hand, suggest four learning processes, which can be grouped into the two higher-order constructs of potential versus realized AC. However, Todorova and Durisin (2007) argue that the middle two stages of Zahra and George are parallel rather than sequential, and that consequently the constructs’ potential and realized AC lose validity. Therefore, we maintain that AC is expressed through three learning processes (exploration, assimilation, and exploitation) that reinforce each other (Lane et al., 2006; Lichtenthaler, 2009; Volberda et al., 2010).
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