2. Conventional Chemical AbsorptionPostcombustion “wet-scrubbing” CO2 capture technologieshave been employed industrially for over 50 years andare based predominantly on the industrially importantprimary alkanolamine MEA.[6] The process involves thepassage of an aqueous amine solution (typically 25–30wt.%) down the top of an absorption tower, while a gaseousstream of flue gas containing CO2 is introduced at bottom. Ablower is required to pump the gas through the absorber. At atemperature of approximately 408C, the reaction of CO2 withthe amine occurs through a zwitterion mechanism to formcarbamates, a reaction that has been extensively studied(Scheme 1a).[26] The liquid amine CO2-rich solvent passes
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