4. Coping Strategies 4.1 Definition of Coping and Coping Strategies Coping is essentially defined as the efforts used to manage the internal or external demands that are appraised as potentially harmful and stressful to the individual (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). Coping is a process and it progresses across several stages (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984). Lazarus and Folkman (1984) defined the stages as primary and secondary appraisal. Primary appraisal is the initial decision used to assess whether an event is harmful and controllable, it is the evaluation stage. Secondary appraisal regards the perception of the abilities to cope with the stressful event; it is the managing stage. These cognitive appraisal processes facilitate the ability to predict the type of coping strategy that one will use; whether preventive measures are taken or regulation of emotional distress.
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