Groningen University in the Netherlands is also active infundamental research on hydrotreating bio-oils and modelcompounds using ruthenium on carbon [74,75]. Differentlevels of upgrading are being studied from stabilisation withlow levels of oxygen removal through mild hydrotreatingto two stage hydrotreatment with substantial oxygenremoval [76].At the Technical University of Munich Lercher proposesa “one pot” approach which is based on aqueous-phasehydrodeoxygenation of phenolic monomers using bifunctionalcatalysis that couples precious metal catalyzed hydrogenationand acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and dehydration [77].There is still a significant hydrogen requirement which couldin principle be derived from the aqueous phase afterhydro treatment.
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